植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
4期
1038-1043
,共6页
王乾%王康才%郑晨曦%朱碧春%王艺霖%杨嘉伟%王伟
王乾%王康纔%鄭晨晞%硃碧春%王藝霖%楊嘉偉%王偉
왕건%왕강재%정신희%주벽춘%왕예림%양가위%왕위
氮素形态%掌叶半夏%抗氧化酶%活性成分
氮素形態%掌葉半夏%抗氧化酶%活性成分
담소형태%장협반하%항양화매%활성성분
NH4+/NO3- ratio%Pinellia pedatisecta Schott.%antioxidant enzyme%active ingredient
【目的】本文利用盆栽试验,探讨了不同铵态氮、硝态氮供应比例对掌叶半夏生长、相关生理指标及块茎中主要活性成分含量的影响,以期为掌叶半夏的合理施肥、科学种植提供技术依据。【方法】盆栽试验以蛭石为栽培基质,以掌叶半夏为试验材料,采用不同铵态氮、硝态氮比例处理,分析不同铵硝比例处理下掌叶半夏叶片中抗氧化保护酶( SOD、CAT),叶片、块茎中氮代谢关键酶( NR)的活性及块茎中次生代谢产物( MDA、硝酸盐及主要活性成分)的含量变化。【结果】1)叶片鲜重、块茎鲜重及总叶绿素含量总体均随铵态氮比例的升高而呈逐渐增加趋势,其中在全铵营养下,块茎鲜重和总叶绿素含量均达到最高值。2)随着铵态氮比例的升高,植株叶片中SOD、CAT酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势；当铵硝比为50：50时,SOD、CAT酶活性最高,此时,叶片中NO3--N含量也达到最高。3)在全铵营养或全硝营养下,MDA含量均高于其他处理；当铵硝比为50：50时,MDA累积量最低。4)在全硝营养下,叶片、块茎中的NR活性均达到最高值,同处理水平下叶片中NR活性要高于块茎；并且随着铵态氮比例的增加叶片中NR活性呈逐渐降低的趋势,而块茎中的NR活性则呈逐渐增加的趋势。5)块茎中主要活性成分的累积更依赖于两种氮素的配施作用,在较高的铵态氮配施处理下(75：25时),总生物碱、总有机酸及腺苷的积累量均取得最高值。【结论】适宜比例的铵硝配比可以促进掌叶半夏生长及产量的形成,其促进效果也显著高于全硝营养；当铵硝比为50：50时,其植物体内的相关酶活性也达到最高,说明适宜的铵硝配比能减轻膜质过氧化对植株细胞膜造成的损伤；同时,较高的NH4+-N也有利于块茎中主要活性成分的积累,尤以铵硝比为75：25时,累积效果最显著。
【目的】本文利用盆栽試驗,探討瞭不同銨態氮、硝態氮供應比例對掌葉半夏生長、相關生理指標及塊莖中主要活性成分含量的影響,以期為掌葉半夏的閤理施肥、科學種植提供技術依據。【方法】盆栽試驗以蛭石為栽培基質,以掌葉半夏為試驗材料,採用不同銨態氮、硝態氮比例處理,分析不同銨硝比例處理下掌葉半夏葉片中抗氧化保護酶( SOD、CAT),葉片、塊莖中氮代謝關鍵酶( NR)的活性及塊莖中次生代謝產物( MDA、硝痠鹽及主要活性成分)的含量變化。【結果】1)葉片鮮重、塊莖鮮重及總葉綠素含量總體均隨銨態氮比例的升高而呈逐漸增加趨勢,其中在全銨營養下,塊莖鮮重和總葉綠素含量均達到最高值。2)隨著銨態氮比例的升高,植株葉片中SOD、CAT酶活性呈先升高後降低趨勢；噹銨硝比為50：50時,SOD、CAT酶活性最高,此時,葉片中NO3--N含量也達到最高。3)在全銨營養或全硝營養下,MDA含量均高于其他處理；噹銨硝比為50：50時,MDA纍積量最低。4)在全硝營養下,葉片、塊莖中的NR活性均達到最高值,同處理水平下葉片中NR活性要高于塊莖；併且隨著銨態氮比例的增加葉片中NR活性呈逐漸降低的趨勢,而塊莖中的NR活性則呈逐漸增加的趨勢。5)塊莖中主要活性成分的纍積更依賴于兩種氮素的配施作用,在較高的銨態氮配施處理下(75：25時),總生物堿、總有機痠及腺苷的積纍量均取得最高值。【結論】適宜比例的銨硝配比可以促進掌葉半夏生長及產量的形成,其促進效果也顯著高于全硝營養；噹銨硝比為50：50時,其植物體內的相關酶活性也達到最高,說明適宜的銨硝配比能減輕膜質過氧化對植株細胞膜造成的損傷；同時,較高的NH4+-N也有利于塊莖中主要活性成分的積纍,尤以銨硝比為75：25時,纍積效果最顯著。
【목적】본문이용분재시험,탐토료불동안태담、초태담공응비례대장협반하생장、상관생리지표급괴경중주요활성성분함량적영향,이기위장협반하적합리시비、과학충식제공기술의거。【방법】분재시험이질석위재배기질,이장협반하위시험재료,채용불동안태담、초태담비례처리,분석불동안초비례처리하장협반하협편중항양화보호매( SOD、CAT),협편、괴경중담대사관건매( NR)적활성급괴경중차생대사산물( MDA、초산염급주요활성성분)적함량변화。【결과】1)협편선중、괴경선중급총협록소함량총체균수안태담비례적승고이정축점증가추세,기중재전안영양하,괴경선중화총협록소함량균체도최고치。2)수착안태담비례적승고,식주협편중SOD、CAT매활성정선승고후강저추세；당안초비위50：50시,SOD、CAT매활성최고,차시,협편중NO3--N함량야체도최고。3)재전안영양혹전초영양하,MDA함량균고우기타처리；당안초비위50：50시,MDA루적량최저。4)재전초영양하,협편、괴경중적NR활성균체도최고치,동처리수평하협편중NR활성요고우괴경；병차수착안태담비례적증가협편중NR활성정축점강저적추세,이괴경중적NR활성칙정축점증가적추세。5)괴경중주요활성성분적루적경의뢰우량충담소적배시작용,재교고적안태담배시처리하(75：25시),총생물감、총유궤산급선감적적루량균취득최고치。【결론】괄의비례적안초배비가이촉진장협반하생장급산량적형성,기촉진효과야현저고우전초영양；당안초비위50：50시,기식물체내적상관매활성야체도최고,설명괄의적안초배비능감경막질과양화대식주세포막조성적손상；동시,교고적NH4+-N야유리우괴경중주요활성성분적적루,우이안초비위75：25시,루적효과최현저。
[Objectives]The effect of different ratios of ammonium to nitrate supply on Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. growth related to physiological indicators and main active ingredient content in tubers were investigated in order to provide the technical basis for Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. rational fertilization. [Methods]A pot experiment with vermiculite growing media to Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. as test material was conducted. Different ammonium to nitrate ratios in the growing media are designed, the antioxidant protective enzymes ( SOD, CAT ) activity of leaves, the nitrogen metabolism ( NR ) activity in leaves and tubers and the content of secondary metabolites ( MDA, nitrate, the main active ingredient ) of tubers are measured. [Results] 1 ) With the increasing of proportion of ammonium nitrogen, leaf fresh weight, tuber fresh weight and total chlorophyll content increased gradually in the overall trend. Tuber fresh weight and total chlorophyll content in total ammonium nutrition reached the highest value. 2)With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen, the activity of SOD, CAT and NR in leaves increased at beginning then decreased, the highest activity of SOD, CAT and the content of NO3--N appeared with the ratio (50:50) of ammonium to nitrate. 3) In total ammonium or total nitrate nutrition, MDA levels were higher than other treatments; with the ratio ( 50:50 ) of ammonium to nitrate MDA accumulation was the lowest. 4) In total nitrate supply treatment, the NR activity in leaves, tubers reached the highest value, NR activity in leaves was higher than tubers. With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen, NR activity in leaves decreased gradually. However, NR activity in the tubers increased. 5)Cumulative main active ingredient in tubers depended on the two nitrogen fertilizers effects, the highest value achieved under the accumulation of total alkaloids, total organic acids and adenosine with a higher ratio of ammonium nitrogen treatment ( 75 : 25 ) .[Conclusions]Nitrogen as an essential nutrient for plant growth, nitrogen levels directly affected the growth and quality of plants. The trial found that a suitable proportion of ammonium nitrate ratio could promote the formation of the growth and yield of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott,, the promoting effect was significantly higher than the total nitrate nutrition. With ammonium nitrate ratio of 50:50, the highest enzyme activity in plants indicates that the appropriate ratio of ammonium to nitrate can reduce the damage of the plant cell membrane lipid peroxidation;while higher NH4+-N is beneficial to the accumulation of the main active ingredient of tubers, especially for ammonium nitrate ratio of 75:25, the cumulative effect is most significant.
