【目的】甜荞起源于中国,具有很高的营养、药用及保健品质,已成为21世纪人类的绿色食品之一。目前,甜荞从国内市场到外贸出口都比较紧缺,且产量较低。因此,本试验研究播种量和施肥水平对春播西大花荞净光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量的影响,确定甜荞的最佳栽培措施。【方法】以西大花荞为材料,采用四因素五水平的二次通用旋转组合设计,研究播种量和施肥水平对春播甜荞净光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量的影响。试验因素为播种量、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥,于2012年3月6月和2013年3月6月在西南大学歇马科研基地进行田间试验。小区面积10 m2(2 m ×5 m),重复3次,随机区组排列,行距33 cm,种植6行,试验地四周播种3行保护行。于盛花期一晴天的9：3011：30之间在各小区的中间条带随机选择3株植株,用LI-6400 XT光合仪和SPAD 502叶绿素仪测定其倒数第3片功能叶的净光合速率和叶绿素含量( SPAD值),待籽粒70%80%成熟后对每个小区进行单独收获,脱粒风干后称重、计产。采用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 19统计软件进行统计分析,用Surfer 8软件作两因子互作效应的等值线图。【结果】产量与净光合速率和叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关；播种量和钾肥对产量有显著影响,随播种量和施钾量的增加,产量表现为先升后降的趋势；播种量、氮肥、钾肥对净光合速率和叶绿素含量均有显著影响,净光合速率和叶绿素含量随播种量、施氮量、施钾量的增加均表现为先升后降的趋势。在研究的4个因素中,施氮水平、施钾水平以及与播种量之间的交互作用对产量有显著影响；播种量与施氮水平之间的交互作用对净光合速率有显著影响；播种量与施氮水平之间、施氮水平与施磷水平之间的交互作用对叶绿素含量有显著影响。4个因素与净光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量间的回归关系极显著,拟合程度较高,可用于实际生产预测。使西大花荞产量、净光合速率和叶绿素含量最大的农艺方案为播种量37.5 kg/hm2、施N 17.25 kg/hm2、施P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、施K2 O 52.5 kg/hm2,预期产量为1656.16 kg/hm2,净光合速率为16.46μmol/( m2·s),叶绿素含量( SPAD值)为55.34。【结论】播种量、氮、磷、钾及其相互作用对西大花荞产量、净光合速率、叶绿素含量有一定影响。产量与净光合速率和叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关；在本试验条件下,推荐西大花荞的最佳农艺方案为播种量37.5 kg/hm2、施 N 17.25 kg/hm2、施 P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、施 K2 O 52.50 kg/hm2,预期产量为1656.16 kg/hm2,净光合速率为16.46μmol/( m2·s),叶绿素含量( SPAD值)为55.34。
【目的】甜蕎起源于中國,具有很高的營養、藥用及保健品質,已成為21世紀人類的綠色食品之一。目前,甜蕎從國內市場到外貿齣口都比較緊缺,且產量較低。因此,本試驗研究播種量和施肥水平對春播西大花蕎淨光閤速率、葉綠素含量及產量的影響,確定甜蕎的最佳栽培措施。【方法】以西大花蕎為材料,採用四因素五水平的二次通用鏇轉組閤設計,研究播種量和施肥水平對春播甜蕎淨光閤速率、葉綠素含量及產量的影響。試驗因素為播種量、氮肥、燐肥、鉀肥,于2012年3月6月和2013年3月6月在西南大學歇馬科研基地進行田間試驗。小區麵積10 m2(2 m ×5 m),重複3次,隨機區組排列,行距33 cm,種植6行,試驗地四週播種3行保護行。于盛花期一晴天的9：3011：30之間在各小區的中間條帶隨機選擇3株植株,用LI-6400 XT光閤儀和SPAD 502葉綠素儀測定其倒數第3片功能葉的淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量( SPAD值),待籽粒70%80%成熟後對每箇小區進行單獨收穫,脫粒風榦後稱重、計產。採用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 19統計軟件進行統計分析,用Surfer 8軟件作兩因子互作效應的等值線圖。【結果】產量與淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量呈極顯著正相關；播種量和鉀肥對產量有顯著影響,隨播種量和施鉀量的增加,產量錶現為先升後降的趨勢；播種量、氮肥、鉀肥對淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量均有顯著影響,淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量隨播種量、施氮量、施鉀量的增加均錶現為先升後降的趨勢。在研究的4箇因素中,施氮水平、施鉀水平以及與播種量之間的交互作用對產量有顯著影響；播種量與施氮水平之間的交互作用對淨光閤速率有顯著影響；播種量與施氮水平之間、施氮水平與施燐水平之間的交互作用對葉綠素含量有顯著影響。4箇因素與淨光閤速率、葉綠素含量及產量間的迴歸關繫極顯著,擬閤程度較高,可用于實際生產預測。使西大花蕎產量、淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量最大的農藝方案為播種量37.5 kg/hm2、施N 17.25 kg/hm2、施P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、施K2 O 52.5 kg/hm2,預期產量為1656.16 kg/hm2,淨光閤速率為16.46μmol/( m2·s),葉綠素含量( SPAD值)為55.34。【結論】播種量、氮、燐、鉀及其相互作用對西大花蕎產量、淨光閤速率、葉綠素含量有一定影響。產量與淨光閤速率和葉綠素含量呈極顯著正相關；在本試驗條件下,推薦西大花蕎的最佳農藝方案為播種量37.5 kg/hm2、施 N 17.25 kg/hm2、施 P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、施 K2 O 52.50 kg/hm2,預期產量為1656.16 kg/hm2,淨光閤速率為16.46μmol/( m2·s),葉綠素含量( SPAD值)為55.34。
【목적】첨교기원우중국,구유흔고적영양、약용급보건품질,이성위21세기인류적록색식품지일。목전,첨교종국내시장도외무출구도비교긴결,차산량교저。인차,본시험연구파충량화시비수평대춘파서대화교정광합속솔、협록소함량급산량적영향,학정첨교적최가재배조시。【방법】이서대화교위재료,채용사인소오수평적이차통용선전조합설계,연구파충량화시비수평대춘파첨교정광합속솔、협록소함량급산량적영향。시험인소위파충량、담비、린비、갑비,우2012년3월6월화2013년3월6월재서남대학헐마과연기지진행전간시험。소구면적10 m2(2 m ×5 m),중복3차,수궤구조배렬,행거33 cm,충식6행,시험지사주파충3행보호행。우성화기일청천적9：3011：30지간재각소구적중간조대수궤선택3주식주,용LI-6400 XT광합의화SPAD 502협록소의측정기도수제3편공능협적정광합속솔화협록소함량( SPAD치),대자립70%80%성숙후대매개소구진행단독수획,탈립풍간후칭중、계산。채용Microsoft Excel 2003화SPSS 19통계연건진행통계분석,용Surfer 8연건작량인자호작효응적등치선도。【결과】산량여정광합속솔화협록소함량정겁현저정상관；파충량화갑비대산량유현저영향,수파충량화시갑량적증가,산량표현위선승후강적추세；파충량、담비、갑비대정광합속솔화협록소함량균유현저영향,정광합속솔화협록소함량수파충량、시담량、시갑량적증가균표현위선승후강적추세。재연구적4개인소중,시담수평、시갑수평이급여파충량지간적교호작용대산량유현저영향；파충량여시담수평지간적교호작용대정광합속솔유현저영향；파충량여시담수평지간、시담수평여시린수평지간적교호작용대협록소함량유현저영향。4개인소여정광합속솔、협록소함량급산량간적회귀관계겁현저,의합정도교고,가용우실제생산예측。사서대화교산량、정광합속솔화협록소함량최대적농예방안위파충량37.5 kg/hm2、시N 17.25 kg/hm2、시P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、시K2 O 52.5 kg/hm2,예기산량위1656.16 kg/hm2,정광합속솔위16.46μmol/( m2·s),협록소함량( SPAD치)위55.34。【결론】파충량、담、린、갑급기상호작용대서대화교산량、정광합속솔、협록소함량유일정영향。산량여정광합속솔화협록소함량정겁현저정상관；재본시험조건하,추천서대화교적최가농예방안위파충량37.5 kg/hm2、시 N 17.25 kg/hm2、시 P2 O546.8 kg/hm2、시 K2 O 52.50 kg/hm2,예기산량위1656.16 kg/hm2,정광합속솔위16.46μmol/( m2·s),협록소함량( SPAD치)위55.34。
[Objectives]Fagopyrum esculentum originated in China,and has the higher nutritional, medicinal and health care quality, and has been one of the most popular green functional foods in the 21th century. At present, Fagopyrum esculentum having lower yields is relatively scarce both in the domestic market and abroad exportation market. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide the best cultivation measures for Fagopyrum esculentum by investigating the effects of seeding rate and fertilizer on net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and yield of a Fagopyrum esculentum cultivar, Xidahuaqiao, which is usually planted in spring. [Methods]Xidahuaqiao was used to investigate the effects of seeding rate and fertilizer on net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and yield by using the quadratic general rotary unitized design, and the seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash were defined as experimental factors. The field experiments were respectively conducted from March to June in 2012 and in 2013 at the Xiema experimental station of Southwest University located at Beibei city, Chongqing municipality, China. The field experiments were the randomized block design with three replications, and the individual plot had 10 m2 area with 2 m width × 5 m length, and included 6 rows by spacing 33 cm, and surrounded by 3 guard rows. The reciprocal third functional leaf of three plants in the middle stripe was randomly selected to measure the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content ( SPAD) between am 9:30 and 11:30 at a sunny day of full-bloom stage by using photosynthetic apparatus LI-6400 XT and chlorophyll meter SPAD 502 , respectively. Grain in each plot was harvested separately at the stage with 70%-80% mature grain, and then threshing, air drying and calculating yield. Data of each indicator were analyzed separately using Microsoft Excell2003 and SPSS 19 , and the contour map of interaction of two factors was drawn by Surfer 8. [Results]The yield is significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. The effects of the seeding rate and potassium level on yield are significant, and the yield has a trend experiencing increase to decrease with the increases of the seeding rate and potassium level. The effects of the seeding rate, the levels of nitrogen and potassium on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content are significant, and the yield exhibits a trend from rising to declining with the increases of the seeding rates and nitrogen and/or potassium levels. The interaction between the nitrogen or potassium levels and the seeding rate have significant effects on the yield, and the interactions between the potassium level and the seeding rate as well as the interaction between the seeding rate and the nitrogen level have great effect on the net photosynthetic rate. The interactions between the seeding rate and the nitrogen level as well as the interactions between the nitrogen level and the phosphate level have significant effects on the chlorophyll content. The results of the multivariate quadratic analysis indicate that the generated regression models based on the levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, the seeding rate and the yield, the net photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content can be used for forecasting production of Xidahuaqiao. The recommended cultivation conditions for Xidahuaqiao include 37. 5 kg/ha for seeding rate, 17. 25 kg/ha for nitrogen level, 46. 8 kg/ha for P2 O5 and 52. 5 kg/ha for K2 O, and the chlorophyll content ( SPAD) , net photosynthetic rate and yield are expected at 55. 34, 16. 46 μmol/( m2·s) and 1656. 16 kg/ha, respectively. [Conclusions]The seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash and their interactions have a certain influence on the yield, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content ( SPAD ) of Xidahuaqiao. The yield is significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Based on this experiment,the cultivation conditions for Xidahuaqiao are recommended by 37. 5 kg/ha for seeding rate, 17. 25 kg/ha for nitrogen, 46. 8 kg/ha for P2 O5 , 52. 5 kg/ha for K2 O, and the expected chlorophyll content ( SPAD) , net photosynthetic rate and yield are 55. 34, 16. 46 μmol/(m2·s) and 1656. 16 kg/ha, respectively.
