CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】大蒜是一种兼具营养价值和药用价值的蔬菜，由于品种退化、土传病害严重等问题，导致大蒜植株矮小、产量降低、品质下降。硅作为一种公认的有益元素，在提高作物产量、改善产品品质方面有非常重要的作用。但是关于硅对大蒜生长发育以及产量和品质的影响至今还没有相关报道，因此本试验研究了硅在青蒜苗生长和品质方面的作用，以期能为大蒜无土栽培优质高产提供一些理论参考。【方法】利用深液流水培方式，以“金乡白皮蒜”为试材，设置了5个硅水平(0、0.75、1.5、2.25、3.0 mmol/L)探讨了不同水平硅对青蒜苗生长、光合特性及品质的影响。【结果】在01.5 mmol/L范围内，青蒜苗植株鲜重、株高、假茎长、假茎粗以及色素含量均随硅浓度的增加而升高，当硅浓度高于1.5 mmol/L时，相关指标随其升高而降低，在硅浓度1.5 mmol/L时达到最大值；同时叶片净光合速率( Pn)及气孔导度( Gs)也随营养液中硅水平的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，硅浓度1.5 mmol/L时最高，比不施硅处理分别增加了32.41%和44.62%，而蒸腾速率( Tr)则恰好相反，随硅浓度增加先降低后升高，在Si1.5处理中最低，与对照相比降低了22.00%；此外，叶片和假茎中可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、维生素C含量也随硅素水平的提高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，硅浓度1.5 mmol/L时可溶性糖含量最高，与对照相比分别增加了25.37%41.96%和21.28%40.82%，维生素C和游离氨基酸含量则在Si2.25处理最高，但是Si2.25处理与Si1.5处理相比无显著差异；硅浓度1.5 mmol/L时显著降低了叶片中可溶性蛋白含量，但能提高其在假茎中的含量，与不施硅处理相比叶片中可溶性蛋白含量降低了15.76%21.62%，假茎中则增加了32.85%53.73%。【结论】营养液中加硅后，青蒜苗植株鲜重、株高、假茎长和假茎粗均有明显增加，且其促进作用在其生育后期比生育前期更显著。加硅还可增加大蒜叶片内色素含量，增强光合速率，显著增加青蒜苗内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和游离氨基酸的含量，提高其营养品质。因此，在大蒜施肥中，适当增加硅肥，有可能克服大蒜品种退化、土传病害对大蒜的不利影响。【目的】大蒜是一種兼具營養價值和藥用價值的蔬菜，由于品種退化、土傳病害嚴重等問題，導緻大蒜植株矮小、產量降低、品質下降。硅作為一種公認的有益元素，在提高作物產量、改善產品品質方麵有非常重要的作用。但是關于硅對大蒜生長髮育以及產量和品質的影響至今還沒有相關報道，因此本試驗研究瞭硅在青蒜苗生長和品質方麵的作用，以期能為大蒜無土栽培優質高產提供一些理論參攷。【方法】利用深液流水培方式，以“金鄉白皮蒜”為試材，設置瞭5箇硅水平(0、0.75、1.5、2.25、3.0 mmol/L)探討瞭不同水平硅對青蒜苗生長、光閤特性及品質的影響。【結果】在01.5 mmol/L範圍內，青蒜苗植株鮮重、株高、假莖長、假莖粗以及色素含量均隨硅濃度的增加而升高，噹硅濃度高于1.5 mmol/L時，相關指標隨其升高而降低，在硅濃度1.5 mmol/L時達到最大值；同時葉片淨光閤速率( Pn)及氣孔導度( Gs)也隨營養液中硅水平的增加呈先升高後降低的趨勢，硅濃度1.5 mmol/L時最高，比不施硅處理分彆增加瞭32.41%和44.62%，而蒸騰速率( Tr)則恰好相反，隨硅濃度增加先降低後升高，在Si1.5處理中最低，與對照相比降低瞭22.00%；此外，葉片和假莖中可溶性糖、遊離氨基痠、維生素C含量也隨硅素水平的提高呈現齣先升高後降低的趨勢，硅濃度1.5 mmol/L時可溶性糖含量最高，與對照相比分彆增加瞭25.37%41.96%和21.28%40.82%，維生素C和遊離氨基痠含量則在Si2.25處理最高，但是Si2.25處理與Si1.5處理相比無顯著差異；硅濃度1.5 mmol/L時顯著降低瞭葉片中可溶性蛋白含量，但能提高其在假莖中的含量，與不施硅處理相比葉片中可溶性蛋白含量降低瞭15.76%21.62%，假莖中則增加瞭32.85%53.73%。【結論】營養液中加硅後，青蒜苗植株鮮重、株高、假莖長和假莖粗均有明顯增加，且其促進作用在其生育後期比生育前期更顯著。加硅還可增加大蒜葉片內色素含量，增彊光閤速率，顯著增加青蒜苗內可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、維生素C和遊離氨基痠的含量，提高其營養品質。因此，在大蒜施肥中，適噹增加硅肥，有可能剋服大蒜品種退化、土傳病害對大蒜的不利影響。
【목적】대산시일충겸구영양개치화약용개치적소채，유우품충퇴화、토전병해엄중등문제，도치대산식주왜소、산량강저、품질하강。규작위일충공인적유익원소，재제고작물산량、개선산품품질방면유비상중요적작용。단시관우규대대산생장발육이급산량화품질적영향지금환몰유상관보도，인차본시험연구료규재청산묘생장화품질방면적작용，이기능위대산무토재배우질고산제공일사이론삼고。【방법】이용심액류수배방식，이“금향백피산”위시재，설치료5개규수평(0、0.75、1.5、2.25、3.0 mmol/L)탐토료불동수평규대청산묘생장、광합특성급품질적영향。【결과】재01.5 mmol/L범위내，청산묘식주선중、주고、가경장、가경조이급색소함량균수규농도적증가이승고，당규농도고우1.5 mmol/L시，상관지표수기승고이강저，재규농도1.5 mmol/L시체도최대치；동시협편정광합속솔( Pn)급기공도도( Gs)야수영양액중규수평적증가정선승고후강저적추세，규농도1.5 mmol/L시최고，비불시규처리분별증가료32.41%화44.62%，이증등속솔( Tr)칙흡호상반，수규농도증가선강저후승고，재Si1.5처리중최저，여대조상비강저료22.00%；차외，협편화가경중가용성당、유리안기산、유생소C함량야수규소수평적제고정현출선승고후강저적추세，규농도1.5 mmol/L시가용성당함량최고，여대조상비분별증가료25.37%41.96%화21.28%40.82%，유생소C화유리안기산함량칙재Si2.25처리최고，단시Si2.25처리여Si1.5처리상비무현저차이；규농도1.5 mmol/L시현저강저료협편중가용성단백함량，단능제고기재가경중적함량，여불시규처리상비협편중가용성단백함량강저료15.76%21.62%，가경중칙증가료32.85%53.73%。【결론】영양액중가규후，청산묘식주선중、주고、가경장화가경조균유명현증가，차기촉진작용재기생육후기비생육전기경현저。가규환가증가대산협편내색소함량，증강광합속솔，현저증가청산묘내가용성당、가용성단백、유생소C화유리안기산적함량，제고기영양품질。인차，재대산시비중，괄당증가규비，유가능극복대산품충퇴화、토전병해대대산적불리영향。
[Objectives]The degeneration of variety and serious soil-born diseases are important inhibitors for garlic plant growth, lower yield and quality. As a beneficial element, silicon plays an important role in improving yield and product quality. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon on the growth and quality of garlic seedlings.[Methods]In this study, garlic cultivar, Jinxiangbaipisuan, was taken as an experiment material and five different concentrations of silicon, 0, 0. 75, 1. 5, 2. 25 and 3. 0 mmol/L, were used to treat garlic plants, and the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and qualities of garlic seedlings were measured. [Results]The plant fresh weight and height, pseudo stem length and diameter and pigment contents are increased with the increase of silicon concentration from 0 to 1. 5 mmol/L, while these items is decreased when the silicon concentrations are from 1. 5 to 3. 0 mmol/L, and the photosynthetic parameter ( Pn and Gs) shows a similar trend. In the treatment of 1. 5 mmol/L Si contents, Pn and Gs are increased by 32. 41% and 44. 62% respectively. The transpiration rate are decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of silicon contents, the minimum value appeares under Si of 1. 5 mmol/L, in which the transpiration is reduced by 22. 00% compared with the control. The contents of soluble sugar, free amino acids and vitamin C are also increased first and then decreased. The contents of soluble sugar in leaves and pseudo stems are highest under the 1. 5 mmol/L silicon content, and are improved by 25. 37%41. 96% and 21. 28% 40. 82% higher than those with the control. The contents of free amino acids and vitamin C reach their maximum values under Si2. 25 , and there are no significant differences between Si2. 25 and Si1. 5 . The content of soluble protein in leaves is reduced by 15. 76% 21. 62%, in pseudo stems is improved by 32. 85%53. 73% when the silicon concentration is 1. 5 mmol/L. [Conclusions] Proper Si addition can significantly increase the plant fresh weight and height and the pseudo stem length and diameter, the promoting effect is more significant at later period. Adding Si increase the pigment contents and photosynthetic rate in leaves, the nutritional quality of garlic seedlings because of the significant increase of the contents of soluble sugar, free amino acids and vitamin C. Therefore proper Si fertilization will be effective way in the relief of soil-bron diseases and the deterioration of cultivars.