植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
4期
981-988
,共8页
曹秀%夏仁学%杨环宇%张德健%赵禹
曹秀%夏仁學%楊環宇%張德健%趙禹
조수%하인학%양배우%장덕건%조우
柑橘砧木%枳%缺素处理%根系形态参数%养分含量
柑橘砧木%枳%缺素處理%根繫形態參數%養分含量
감귤침목%지%결소처리%근계형태삼수%양분함량
citrus rootstock%Poncirus trifoliata%nutrient deficiency%root morphological parameters
【目的】根系是吸收水分和养分的主要器官,对于多年生木本果树的生长发育尤为重要。由于果树根系庞大、分布错综复杂,对根系构型和空间分布等的研究相对较少。本文利用计算机扫描系统及其图像分析软件观测根系二维形态参数,并用原子吸收法测定植株养分含量,以探索养分亏缺对枳根系形态的影响,以及根系形态变化与植株养分吸收的关系。【方法】本试验在沙培条件下,以柑橘砧木枳( Poncirus trifoliata)实生苗为试材,研究了缺磷、钾和钙对其根系形态以及植株体内营养元素含量的影响。利用爱普生数码扫描仪( Expression 10000XL 1.0, Epson Inc. Japan)扫描根系,并用WinRhizo Pro (S) v.2004b软件(Regent Instruments Inc., Canada)分析获取根系总长、总体积和总表面积等二维形态参数。利用原子吸收光谱仪( SPECTR AA220)测定样品K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、Zn等元素含量。【结果】从扫描数据可知,3种缺素处理对枳幼苗根系形态结构有较大的影响,即在缺素时根系总长、表面积和体积均显著降低,缺P处理使枳实生苗粗根的根系长度、表面积、体积显著降低,但是增加了中等粗根的表面积和体积；缺K和缺Ca处理的中等粗根根系长度、表面积和体积均显著低于对照；3种缺素处理均显著降低了细根和粗根的根系长度、表面积和体积。不同缺素处理对植株根系和地上部生长的影响也存在差异,缺P对地上部的抑制作用显著强于根系,缺K处理对根系生长的抑制作用较强,缺Ca对根系和地上部生长的抑制作用均较小。缺Ca处理植株体内Zn和Fe浓度均显著增加但Ca浓度降低,缺P时植株体内Ca和地上部Zn浓度增加,而缺K时植株体内Ca、Zn浓度增加但Fe和K浓度均显著降低。【结论】不同缺素条件下枳实生苗根系形态各异,导致根系对不同养分的吸收能力不同,从而使植株体内K、 Ca、 Zn、 Fe等养分含量发生改变,最终影响整个植株根系和地上部的生长,表现出各缺素环境所特有的树体特征。
【目的】根繫是吸收水分和養分的主要器官,對于多年生木本果樹的生長髮育尤為重要。由于果樹根繫龐大、分佈錯綜複雜,對根繫構型和空間分佈等的研究相對較少。本文利用計算機掃描繫統及其圖像分析軟件觀測根繫二維形態參數,併用原子吸收法測定植株養分含量,以探索養分虧缺對枳根繫形態的影響,以及根繫形態變化與植株養分吸收的關繫。【方法】本試驗在沙培條件下,以柑橘砧木枳( Poncirus trifoliata)實生苗為試材,研究瞭缺燐、鉀和鈣對其根繫形態以及植株體內營養元素含量的影響。利用愛普生數碼掃描儀( Expression 10000XL 1.0, Epson Inc. Japan)掃描根繫,併用WinRhizo Pro (S) v.2004b軟件(Regent Instruments Inc., Canada)分析穫取根繫總長、總體積和總錶麵積等二維形態參數。利用原子吸收光譜儀( SPECTR AA220)測定樣品K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、Zn等元素含量。【結果】從掃描數據可知,3種缺素處理對枳幼苗根繫形態結構有較大的影響,即在缺素時根繫總長、錶麵積和體積均顯著降低,缺P處理使枳實生苗粗根的根繫長度、錶麵積、體積顯著降低,但是增加瞭中等粗根的錶麵積和體積；缺K和缺Ca處理的中等粗根根繫長度、錶麵積和體積均顯著低于對照；3種缺素處理均顯著降低瞭細根和粗根的根繫長度、錶麵積和體積。不同缺素處理對植株根繫和地上部生長的影響也存在差異,缺P對地上部的抑製作用顯著彊于根繫,缺K處理對根繫生長的抑製作用較彊,缺Ca對根繫和地上部生長的抑製作用均較小。缺Ca處理植株體內Zn和Fe濃度均顯著增加但Ca濃度降低,缺P時植株體內Ca和地上部Zn濃度增加,而缺K時植株體內Ca、Zn濃度增加但Fe和K濃度均顯著降低。【結論】不同缺素條件下枳實生苗根繫形態各異,導緻根繫對不同養分的吸收能力不同,從而使植株體內K、 Ca、 Zn、 Fe等養分含量髮生改變,最終影響整箇植株根繫和地上部的生長,錶現齣各缺素環境所特有的樹體特徵。
【목적】근계시흡수수분화양분적주요기관,대우다년생목본과수적생장발육우위중요。유우과수근계방대、분포착종복잡,대근계구형화공간분포등적연구상대교소。본문이용계산궤소묘계통급기도상분석연건관측근계이유형태삼수,병용원자흡수법측정식주양분함량,이탐색양분우결대지근계형태적영향,이급근계형태변화여식주양분흡수적관계。【방법】본시험재사배조건하,이감귤침목지( Poncirus trifoliata)실생묘위시재,연구료결린、갑화개대기근계형태이급식주체내영양원소함량적영향。이용애보생수마소묘의( Expression 10000XL 1.0, Epson Inc. Japan)소묘근계,병용WinRhizo Pro (S) v.2004b연건(Regent Instruments Inc., Canada)분석획취근계총장、총체적화총표면적등이유형태삼수。이용원자흡수광보의( SPECTR AA220)측정양품K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、Zn등원소함량。【결과】종소묘수거가지,3충결소처리대지유묘근계형태결구유교대적영향,즉재결소시근계총장、표면적화체적균현저강저,결P처리사지실생묘조근적근계장도、표면적、체적현저강저,단시증가료중등조근적표면적화체적；결K화결Ca처리적중등조근근계장도、표면적화체적균현저저우대조；3충결소처리균현저강저료세근화조근적근계장도、표면적화체적。불동결소처리대식주근계화지상부생장적영향야존재차이,결P대지상부적억제작용현저강우근계,결K처리대근계생장적억제작용교강,결Ca대근계화지상부생장적억제작용균교소。결Ca처리식주체내Zn화Fe농도균현저증가단Ca농도강저,결P시식주체내Ca화지상부Zn농도증가,이결K시식주체내Ca、Zn농도증가단Fe화K농도균현저강저。【결론】불동결소조건하지실생묘근계형태각이,도치근계대불동양분적흡수능력불동,종이사식주체내K、 Ca、 Zn、 Fe등양분함량발생개변,최종영향정개식주근계화지상부적생장,표현출각결소배경소특유적수체특정。
[Objectives]Root system is particularly important for the nutrient and water uptake of fruit trees. Few researches are reported on the root architecture and spatial distribution related to nutrition because of the hugeness and complex of root distribution. In this research, Epson digital scanner and plasma atomic emission spectroscopy were used to study the two-dimensional architecture and nutrient concentration of plant roots, to explore the effects of nutrient deficiency on root morphology and the relationship with plant nutrient uptake.[Methods]A sand culture pot experiment was conducted and the seedlings of Poncirus trifoliata were grown as test materials. Root samples were scanned with an Epson digital scanner ( Expression 10000XL 1. 0, Epson Inc. Japan) and the data were analyzed with the WinRhizo Pro ( S) v. 2004b software ( Regent Instruments Inc. , Canada) to obtain the root length, root volume and root surface area. The concentrations of nutrients were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ( Thermo Inc, IRIS Advan, United States) .[Results]The total root length, surface areas and volumes are reduced significantly in the nutrient deficiency media. When the root system was classified into fine, middle and coarse roots according to their diameters, the effects of nutrient deficiencies on the three fractions were different with treatments. Compared with the control, the root length, surface area and volume of fine and coarse roots are reduced, but the surface area and volume of middle roots are increased remarkably under P deficiency;the root length, surface area and volume of fine and middle roots are reduced under K and Ca deficiency. The nutrient deficiencies induce significant decreases of shoot and root biomass, stronger inhibition effect on shoot than on root under the P deficiency, but opposite effect under K deficiency, least effect under Ca deficiency. The Zn concentrations of plants are significantly increased under three nutrient deficiency media, the Fe concentration increased under the Ca deficiency but decreased under the K deficiency, Ca concentrations increased under the P and K deficiencies but decreased under the Ca deficiency.[Conclusions]The nutrient deficiencies lead to worse root morphology, as a concequence, decreases the absorption of nutrients in different extents and the growth of plant root and shoot, and leads to the peculiar symptoms corresponding to the different nutrient deficiency environment.
