植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
4期
974-980
,共7页
季萌萌%许海港%彭玲%任饴华%葛顺峰%姜远茂
季萌萌%許海港%彭玲%任飴華%葛順峰%薑遠茂
계맹맹%허해항%팽령%임이화%갈순봉%강원무
苹果%砧木%磷%吸收%利用
蘋果%砧木%燐%吸收%利用
평과%침목%린%흡수%이용
apple%rootstock%phosphorus%absorption%utilization
【目的】磷是植物必需的矿质元素之一,能够促进植株花芽分化,但施入土壤中的磷易被固定从而变成难以利用的闭蓄态磷,使土壤中的有效磷含量降低。因此,研究和发掘磷高效的苹果砧木对于解决低磷胁迫和提高磷利用效率具有重要意义。本研究以5种一年生苹果野生砧木为试材,进行低磷胁迫处理,调查苹果野生砧木对磷的吸收和利用特性。【方法】盆栽试验以正常管理的一年生八棱海棠( M. micromalus Makino)、平邑甜茶( Malus hupehensis Rehd.)、东北山荆子(M. baccata Borkh.)、富平楸子[M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh.]、新疆野苹果[M. sievesii(Ledeb.)Roemer]5种苹果砧木为试材。试验分为低磷(LP)和正常施磷(CK)两组处理,每个处理6次重复(6盆)。根总表面积、根系总长度分析用WinRHIZO 根系分析软件进行；植株各器官组织烘干粉碎后,用钒钼黄比色法测定其含磷量。离子吸收动力学参数的测定采用平邑甜茶水培幼苗,吸收前置于黑色培养瓶饥饿处理24 h,幼苗吸收24 h后采集营养液10 mL,钼锑抗比色法测定含磷量。【结果】5种砧木的相对磷效率从高到低为富平楸子(93.66%)>平邑甜茶(87.69%)>东北山荆子(83.44%)>八棱海棠(74.54%)>新疆野苹果(74.01%)。在低磷及正常施磷条件下,5种砧木的磷吸收效率均为富平楸子>平邑甜茶>东北山荆子>新疆野苹果>八棱海棠；磷利用效率为平邑甜茶>富平楸子>八棱海棠>新疆野苹果>东北山荆子。 H2 PO4-离子最大吸收速率(Vmax)最高的为富平楸子[101.81μmol/(g·h)],其次为平邑甜茶[66.40μmol/(g·h)]、东北山荆子[45.00μmol/(g·h)]和新疆野苹果[44.32μmol/(g·h)],八棱海棠的Vmax最低,为41.28μmol/(g·h)；平邑甜茶的Km值最低,为4.05μmol/L,富平楸子为8.68μmol/L,东北山荆子为12.29μmol/L,新疆野苹果为12.64μmol/L,八棱海棠最高为13.57μmol/L。吸收根总表面积和总根长均以富平楸子最大,八棱海棠最小。【结论】低磷胁迫下富平楸子的相对磷效率和磷吸收效率最高,在低磷胁迫下生长势最好并且磷吸收能力最强,是一种对低磷胁迫适应能力较好的苹果砧木；平邑甜茶的相对磷效率仅次于富平楸子,磷利用效率最高,其耐低磷胁迫的能力也仅次于富平楸子。进一步分析发现,砧木对磷的吸收效率与吸收根总表面积和总根长存在显著正相关关系,说明低磷胁迫下植物通过增加吸收根总表面积及总根长等方式,扩大根系吸收面积,从而增加根系对磷的吸收。
【目的】燐是植物必需的礦質元素之一,能夠促進植株花芽分化,但施入土壤中的燐易被固定從而變成難以利用的閉蓄態燐,使土壤中的有效燐含量降低。因此,研究和髮掘燐高效的蘋果砧木對于解決低燐脅迫和提高燐利用效率具有重要意義。本研究以5種一年生蘋果野生砧木為試材,進行低燐脅迫處理,調查蘋果野生砧木對燐的吸收和利用特性。【方法】盆栽試驗以正常管理的一年生八稜海棠( M. micromalus Makino)、平邑甜茶( Malus hupehensis Rehd.)、東北山荊子(M. baccata Borkh.)、富平楸子[M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh.]、新疆野蘋果[M. sievesii(Ledeb.)Roemer]5種蘋果砧木為試材。試驗分為低燐(LP)和正常施燐(CK)兩組處理,每箇處理6次重複(6盆)。根總錶麵積、根繫總長度分析用WinRHIZO 根繫分析軟件進行；植株各器官組織烘榦粉碎後,用釩鉬黃比色法測定其含燐量。離子吸收動力學參數的測定採用平邑甜茶水培幼苗,吸收前置于黑色培養瓶饑餓處理24 h,幼苗吸收24 h後採集營養液10 mL,鉬銻抗比色法測定含燐量。【結果】5種砧木的相對燐效率從高到低為富平楸子(93.66%)>平邑甜茶(87.69%)>東北山荊子(83.44%)>八稜海棠(74.54%)>新疆野蘋果(74.01%)。在低燐及正常施燐條件下,5種砧木的燐吸收效率均為富平楸子>平邑甜茶>東北山荊子>新疆野蘋果>八稜海棠；燐利用效率為平邑甜茶>富平楸子>八稜海棠>新疆野蘋果>東北山荊子。 H2 PO4-離子最大吸收速率(Vmax)最高的為富平楸子[101.81μmol/(g·h)],其次為平邑甜茶[66.40μmol/(g·h)]、東北山荊子[45.00μmol/(g·h)]和新疆野蘋果[44.32μmol/(g·h)],八稜海棠的Vmax最低,為41.28μmol/(g·h)；平邑甜茶的Km值最低,為4.05μmol/L,富平楸子為8.68μmol/L,東北山荊子為12.29μmol/L,新疆野蘋果為12.64μmol/L,八稜海棠最高為13.57μmol/L。吸收根總錶麵積和總根長均以富平楸子最大,八稜海棠最小。【結論】低燐脅迫下富平楸子的相對燐效率和燐吸收效率最高,在低燐脅迫下生長勢最好併且燐吸收能力最彊,是一種對低燐脅迫適應能力較好的蘋果砧木；平邑甜茶的相對燐效率僅次于富平楸子,燐利用效率最高,其耐低燐脅迫的能力也僅次于富平楸子。進一步分析髮現,砧木對燐的吸收效率與吸收根總錶麵積和總根長存在顯著正相關關繫,說明低燐脅迫下植物通過增加吸收根總錶麵積及總根長等方式,擴大根繫吸收麵積,從而增加根繫對燐的吸收。
【목적】린시식물필수적광질원소지일,능구촉진식주화아분화,단시입토양중적린역피고정종이변성난이이용적폐축태린,사토양중적유효린함량강저。인차,연구화발굴린고효적평과침목대우해결저린협박화제고린이용효솔구유중요의의。본연구이5충일년생평과야생침목위시재,진행저린협박처리,조사평과야생침목대린적흡수화이용특성。【방법】분재시험이정상관리적일년생팔릉해당( M. micromalus Makino)、평읍첨다( Malus hupehensis Rehd.)、동북산형자(M. baccata Borkh.)、부평추자[M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh.]、신강야평과[M. sievesii(Ledeb.)Roemer]5충평과침목위시재。시험분위저린(LP)화정상시린(CK)량조처리,매개처리6차중복(6분)。근총표면적、근계총장도분석용WinRHIZO 근계분석연건진행；식주각기관조직홍간분쇄후,용범목황비색법측정기함린량。리자흡수동역학삼수적측정채용평읍첨다수배유묘,흡수전치우흑색배양병기아처리24 h,유묘흡수24 h후채집영양액10 mL,목제항비색법측정함린량。【결과】5충침목적상대린효솔종고도저위부평추자(93.66%)>평읍첨다(87.69%)>동북산형자(83.44%)>팔릉해당(74.54%)>신강야평과(74.01%)。재저린급정상시린조건하,5충침목적린흡수효솔균위부평추자>평읍첨다>동북산형자>신강야평과>팔릉해당；린이용효솔위평읍첨다>부평추자>팔릉해당>신강야평과>동북산형자。 H2 PO4-리자최대흡수속솔(Vmax)최고적위부평추자[101.81μmol/(g·h)],기차위평읍첨다[66.40μmol/(g·h)]、동북산형자[45.00μmol/(g·h)]화신강야평과[44.32μmol/(g·h)],팔릉해당적Vmax최저,위41.28μmol/(g·h)；평읍첨다적Km치최저,위4.05μmol/L,부평추자위8.68μmol/L,동북산형자위12.29μmol/L,신강야평과위12.64μmol/L,팔릉해당최고위13.57μmol/L。흡수근총표면적화총근장균이부평추자최대,팔릉해당최소。【결론】저린협박하부평추자적상대린효솔화린흡수효솔최고,재저린협박하생장세최호병차린흡수능력최강,시일충대저린협박괄응능력교호적평과침목；평읍첨다적상대린효솔부차우부평추자,린이용효솔최고,기내저린협박적능력야부차우부평추자。진일보분석발현,침목대린적흡수효솔여흡수근총표면적화총근장존재현저정상관관계,설명저린협박하식물통과증가흡수근총표면적급총근장등방식,확대근계흡수면적,종이증가근계대린적흡수。
Objectives As an essential mineral element in the plants, phosphorus can facilitate the differentiation of flower bud. However, phosphorus is easily fixed in soils when applied to soil, and mostly transferred to occluded P, which is not available to plants. Therefore, it has great significance to excavate phosphorus efficient apple rootstocks under low phosphorus stress. In this study,five one-year-old wild apple rootstocks were used as materials and their phosphorus absorption and utilization characteristics under the condition of low phosphorus stress were analyzed. [Methods]The five one-year-old apple rootstocks [M. micromalus Makino, Malus hupehensis Rehd. , M. baccata Borkh. , M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh. and M. sievesii(Ledeb. )Roemer] were grown in low phosphorus group(LP)and control group(CK)in pots with 6 replication. The root surface area and length were determined by WinRHIZO root analysis software, and the plant phosphorus content by vanadium molybdate yellow colorimetric method. The the kinetic parameters of H2PO- 4 absorption of seedlings were determined with a water culture experiment. Firstly, the seedlings were P-starved in black bottle for 24 h and then put into the solutions of different P-concentrations for 24 h, and finally, 10 mL solutions were collected to determine the phosphorus content with Mo-Sb colorimetry. [Results]The relative phosphorus efficiencies of five rootstocks from high to low are in order of M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh. (93. 66%) > Malus hupehensis Rehd. (87. 69%) > M. baccata Borkh. (83. 44%)> M. micromalus Makino. (74. 54%) > M. sievesii(Ledeb. )Roemer. (74. 01%). The phosphorus absorption efficiencies(PAE) from high to low are in order of M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh. > Malus hupehensis Rehd. > M. baccata Borkh. > M. sievesii ( Ledeb. ) Roemer. > M. micromalus Makino, while the phosphorus utilization efficiencies (PUE) are in order of Malus hupehensis Rehd. > M. prunifolia (Willd) Borkh. > M. micromalus Makino > M. sievesii(Ledeb. )Roemer > M. baccata Borkh. Considering the kinetic parameters of H2PO- 4 , the values of the Vmax of the five rootstocks are in the order of M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh. [101. 81 μmol/ (g·h) ]> Malus hupehensis Rehd. [66. 40 μmol/ (g·h) ] > M. baccata Borkh. [45. 00 μmol/ (g·h) ] > M. sievesii (Ledeb. )Roemer[44. 32 μmol/ (g·h) ] > M. micromalus Makino[41. 28 μmol/ (g·h) ]. The values of Km are arranged in turn by the following order,Malus hupehensis Rehd. (4. 05 μmol/ L) < M. prunifolia(Willd) Borkh. (8. 68 μmol/ L) < M. baccata Borkh. (12. 29 μmol/ L) < M. sievesii(Ledeb. )Roemer(12. 64 μmol/ L)< M. micromalus Makino(13. 57 μmol/ L). The total absorption surface area and length of root are highest in M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh, lowest in M. micromalus Makino. [Conclusions]M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh has the highest relative phosphorus efficiency and phosphorose absoprtion efficiency under phosphorus stress, exhibiting the highest growth vigor and the strongest P absorption capacity. M. prunifolia(Willd)Borkh. has the best adaptation to low phosphorus stress. Malus hupehensis Rehd has lower relative phosphorus efficiency relative to M. prunifolia (Willd) Borkh, and has the highest PUE, and its capacity to low phosphorus stress ranks after M. prunifolia (Willd) Borkh. Further analysis showed that the values of PAE in the five rootstocks were significantly and positively correlated with the surface area and length of absorption root, indicating that the root absorption area enlargement of plants could promote the acquisition of P by increasing the root surface area and length under low phosphorus stress.
