植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
4期
923-929
,共7页
张四海%王意锟%朱强根%黄键%金爱武%张国
張四海%王意錕%硃彊根%黃鍵%金愛武%張國
장사해%왕의곤%주강근%황건%금애무%장국
秸秆碳源%土壤微生物群落结构%真菌/细菌( F/B)比值%磷脂脂肪酸
秸稈碳源%土壤微生物群落結構%真菌/細菌( F/B)比值%燐脂脂肪痠
갈간탄원%토양미생물군락결구%진균/세균( F/B)비치%린지지방산
straw carbon source%soil microbial community structure%fungus and bacteria ratio ( F/B)%PLFA
【目的】微生物生物量及群落结构对农业管理措施极为敏感,土壤微生物数量和多样性的大小是土壤肥力状况的重要生物学指标,秸秆还田影响着土壤微生物的种群和数量。由于不合理的耕作,引起严重的根结线病虫害,尤以连作的番茄土壤十分普遍,研究连作条件下添加秸秆碳源对根结线虫( Meloidogyne spp.)病害严重土壤中土壤微生物生物量和群落结构的影响,探讨添加秸秆碳源加入量与土壤微生物量、群落结构及其真菌/细菌比值的相互关系、变化规律,可为病土的生态修复奠定一定的理论基础。【方法】本试验采用室内盆栽方法,试验设置4个小麦秸秆添加量0、2.08、4.16和8.32 g/kg,分别记为S0、S1、S2和S3,供试作物为番茄。采用磷脂脂肪酸法( PLFA)估算真菌生物量、细菌生物量和微生物生物总量。【结果】与不加秸秆的对照相比,秸秆碳源的施入显著增加了土壤微生物总生物量( MTB)、细菌生物量( MB)、真菌生物量( FB)。 S3、S2和S1处理的MTB、MB、FB分别为30.17、28.42和22.72 nmol/g；24.27、23.12和22.97 nmol/g；5.90、5.30和4.93 nmol/g；不同秸秆添加量处理之间,微生物总生物量和细菌生物量之间差异不显著,但真菌生物量差异达显著水平。添加秸秆处理使土壤中微生物群落结构发生了变化,真菌/总生物量( FB/MTB)、真菌/细菌( F/B)比值显著提高。 S3、S2和S1处理的FB/MTB和F/B分别为19.56%、18.65%和17.78%；24.34%、22.94%和21.68%；S3和S2的比值之间差异不显著,两个处理的比值与S1处理之间差异显著。秸秆的添加对细菌生物量在微生物总量中的比例有降低作用,细菌在微生物总量中占据绝大比例,在 S0、 S1、 S2、 S3个处理中分别为83.10%、82.22%、81.35%和80.44%, F/B 比值分别为20.30%、21.68%、22.94%和24.34%。【结论】随着秸秆施入量的的增加,微生物总生物量、细菌和真菌生物量和F/B比值均有升高的趋势,特别是有利于F/B比值增加,说明秸秆碳源的施入改变F/B比值,从而改善病土食物网结构和土壤生态系统食物网营养结构。秸秆添加量以4.16和8.32 g/kg更为有效。
【目的】微生物生物量及群落結構對農業管理措施極為敏感,土壤微生物數量和多樣性的大小是土壤肥力狀況的重要生物學指標,秸稈還田影響著土壤微生物的種群和數量。由于不閤理的耕作,引起嚴重的根結線病蟲害,尤以連作的番茄土壤十分普遍,研究連作條件下添加秸稈碳源對根結線蟲( Meloidogyne spp.)病害嚴重土壤中土壤微生物生物量和群落結構的影響,探討添加秸稈碳源加入量與土壤微生物量、群落結構及其真菌/細菌比值的相互關繫、變化規律,可為病土的生態脩複奠定一定的理論基礎。【方法】本試驗採用室內盆栽方法,試驗設置4箇小麥秸稈添加量0、2.08、4.16和8.32 g/kg,分彆記為S0、S1、S2和S3,供試作物為番茄。採用燐脂脂肪痠法( PLFA)估算真菌生物量、細菌生物量和微生物生物總量。【結果】與不加秸稈的對照相比,秸稈碳源的施入顯著增加瞭土壤微生物總生物量( MTB)、細菌生物量( MB)、真菌生物量( FB)。 S3、S2和S1處理的MTB、MB、FB分彆為30.17、28.42和22.72 nmol/g；24.27、23.12和22.97 nmol/g；5.90、5.30和4.93 nmol/g；不同秸稈添加量處理之間,微生物總生物量和細菌生物量之間差異不顯著,但真菌生物量差異達顯著水平。添加秸稈處理使土壤中微生物群落結構髮生瞭變化,真菌/總生物量( FB/MTB)、真菌/細菌( F/B)比值顯著提高。 S3、S2和S1處理的FB/MTB和F/B分彆為19.56%、18.65%和17.78%；24.34%、22.94%和21.68%；S3和S2的比值之間差異不顯著,兩箇處理的比值與S1處理之間差異顯著。秸稈的添加對細菌生物量在微生物總量中的比例有降低作用,細菌在微生物總量中佔據絕大比例,在 S0、 S1、 S2、 S3箇處理中分彆為83.10%、82.22%、81.35%和80.44%, F/B 比值分彆為20.30%、21.68%、22.94%和24.34%。【結論】隨著秸稈施入量的的增加,微生物總生物量、細菌和真菌生物量和F/B比值均有升高的趨勢,特彆是有利于F/B比值增加,說明秸稈碳源的施入改變F/B比值,從而改善病土食物網結構和土壤生態繫統食物網營養結構。秸稈添加量以4.16和8.32 g/kg更為有效。
【목적】미생물생물량급군락결구대농업관리조시겁위민감,토양미생물수량화다양성적대소시토양비력상황적중요생물학지표,갈간환전영향착토양미생물적충군화수량。유우불합리적경작,인기엄중적근결선병충해,우이련작적번가토양십분보편,연구련작조건하첨가갈간탄원대근결선충( Meloidogyne spp.)병해엄중토양중토양미생물생물량화군락결구적영향,탐토첨가갈간탄원가입량여토양미생물량、군락결구급기진균/세균비치적상호관계、변화규률,가위병토적생태수복전정일정적이론기출。【방법】본시험채용실내분재방법,시험설치4개소맥갈간첨가량0、2.08、4.16화8.32 g/kg,분별기위S0、S1、S2화S3,공시작물위번가。채용린지지방산법( PLFA)고산진균생물량、세균생물량화미생물생물총량。【결과】여불가갈간적대조상비,갈간탄원적시입현저증가료토양미생물총생물량( MTB)、세균생물량( MB)、진균생물량( FB)。 S3、S2화S1처리적MTB、MB、FB분별위30.17、28.42화22.72 nmol/g；24.27、23.12화22.97 nmol/g；5.90、5.30화4.93 nmol/g；불동갈간첨가량처리지간,미생물총생물량화세균생물량지간차이불현저,단진균생물량차이체현저수평。첨가갈간처리사토양중미생물군락결구발생료변화,진균/총생물량( FB/MTB)、진균/세균( F/B)비치현저제고。 S3、S2화S1처리적FB/MTB화F/B분별위19.56%、18.65%화17.78%；24.34%、22.94%화21.68%；S3화S2적비치지간차이불현저,량개처리적비치여S1처리지간차이현저。갈간적첨가대세균생물량재미생물총량중적비례유강저작용,세균재미생물총량중점거절대비례,재 S0、 S1、 S2、 S3개처리중분별위83.10%、82.22%、81.35%화80.44%, F/B 비치분별위20.30%、21.68%、22.94%화24.34%。【결론】수착갈간시입량적적증가,미생물총생물량、세균화진균생물량화F/B비치균유승고적추세,특별시유리우F/B비치증가,설명갈간탄원적시입개변F/B비치,종이개선병토식물망결구화토양생태계통식물망영양결구。갈간첨가량이4.16화8.32 g/kg경위유효。
Objectives Microbial biomass and the microbial structure are very sensitive to the agricultural practices. The population of microbial biomass and its diversity in structure are important index for soil fertility, the straw returned to field affects species and quantity of soil microorganisms. Severe root-knot nematode disease often arises due to unreasonable agricultural practices, especially in the continuous cropping fields of tomato. The effect of adding straws into soil on the microbial structure and diversity and the ratio of fungus to bacteria ( F/B) of mutual relations and change rule were studied to provide a way of biological remediation for the soils suffered with root knot nematode disease. [Methods]A pot experiment using soils from successive planting of tomato and suffering from serious root knot nematode disease was conducted with a root knot nematode sensitive tomato cultivar as a tested crop. Four gradient amounts of wheat straw were designed:0 ( S0 ) , 2. 08 g/kg ( S1 ) , 4. 16 g/kg ( S2 ) and 8. 32 g/kg ( S3 ) in the experiment. The fungal biomass, bacterial biomass and microbial biomass were detected with the method of phospholipid fatty acid ( PLFA ) . [Results]Compared with control, adding wheat straw significantly increases the amounts of total soil microbial biomass ( MTB) , bacterial biomass ( MB) and fungal biomass ( FB);increases the ratios of fungal biomass to total soil microbial biomass ( FB/MTB ) , the ratio of fungus to bacteria (F/B). The MTB, MB, FB of S3, S2 and S1 are 30. 17, 28. 42 and 22. 72 nmol/g, 24. 27, 23. 12 and 22. 97 nmol/g, 5. 90, 5. 30 and 4. 93 nmol/g, respectively. There is no significant difference in MTB and MB among the three adding treatments, but the FB of S3 is significantly higher than those of S1 and S2. The proportions of MB in soil MTB are also reduced significantly under the straw addition, and the MB possess is an overwhelming proportion in soil MTB. The average proportions of MTB are 83. 10%, 82. 22%, 81. 35% and 80. 44%, and F/B ratios are 20. 30%, 21. 68%, 22. 94% and 24. 34% in the S0 , S1 , S2 and S3 treatments, respectively. [Conclusions]Adding wheat straw can improve the total microbial biomass, the bacteria biomass and the fugal biomass. the ratio of fungi population to the total microbial and to the bacteria are all increased significantly. Therefore, adding wheat straw is an effective way of remediate the biological diversity and ressistance to the root knot nematode disease. When the adding amount of the straw is 4. 16 and 8. 32 g/kg, the effect is more signifiant.
