连续翻压紫云英对福建单季稻产量与化肥氮素吸收、分配及残留的影响
련속번압자운영대복건단계도산량여화비담소흡수、분배급잔류적영향
Effects of continuous turnover of Astragalus sinicus on rice yield and Nabsorption, distribution and residue in single-cropping rice regions of Fujian Province
  • 万方数据
    植物营养与肥料学报 식물영양여비료학보
    PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
    2014年 4期 896-904 ,共9页

    王飞%林诚%林新坚%何春梅%李清华%李昱%黄功标%钟少杰

    왕비%림성%림신견%하춘매%리청화%리욱%황공표%종소걸

    紫云英%水稻%氮肥利用率%15 N同位素%氮素残留 紫雲英%水稻%氮肥利用率%15 N同位素%氮素殘留
    자운영%수도%담비이용솔%15 N동위소%담소잔류
    Astragalus sinicus%rice%nitrogen use efficiency%15 N isotope%nitrogen residue
    【目的】紫云英翻压后在一定程度上可改善土壤理化性状,并提高后作水稻的产量,但是该机理是由于紫云英翻压矿化后提供的氮素还是由于与翻压紫云英后化肥氮素利用率的提高有关尚不清楚,因此,本项目通过连续4年紫云英翻压还田的定位试验与原状土柱模拟及15 N示踪,研究了福建单季稻区紫云英压青回田对水稻产量与化肥15 N吸收、分配及残留的影响。【方法】采用单季稻田间定位试验,设5个处理：1)对照,不翻压紫云英,不施化肥(CK)；2)不翻压紫云英,常规化肥施用量(100%H)；3)紫云英+常规化肥用量(Z+100%H)；4)紫云英+60%的常规化肥(Z+60%H)；5)只翻压紫云英,不施化肥(Z)。常规化肥用量(100%H)为施氮量N 135 kg/hm2,N：P2 O5：K2 O=1：0.4：0.7,每年紫云英翻压量为18000 kg/hm2。每个处理3次重复,小区面积15 m2,种植水稻为每小区20×15丛。于定位试验的第4年,在田间定位试验小区中,采用15 N-尿素(丰度10%)示踪法与原状土柱模拟水稻植株的氮素吸收及分配情况。 PVC管直径25 cm,长35 cm,其中压入田面下20 cm,每小区埋两个土柱,每个土柱中种植两株水稻。【结果】紫云英年翻压18000 kg/hm2并结合施用100%化肥( Z+100%H),水稻子粒4年平均产量比单施100%化肥(100%H)增产6.5%,同时在18000 kg/hm2的紫云英翻压量下,主作物水稻化肥减量40%( Z+60%H)的产量与100%H的处理基本相当。 Z+100%H处理对提高水稻分蘖期植株氮含量最为明显,尤其是茎叶氮含量较100%H提高7.0%,差异显著。虽然不同施肥处理水稻生育期的化肥氮素利用率无明显变化,但Z+100%H处理分蘖期与成熟期植株氮素吸收量分别较100%H提高23.0%与18.0%,说明绿肥与化肥配施有利于水稻植株吸收外源氮素,且植株吸收氮的差异主要来自于紫云英矿化的氮源。 Z+60%H与100%H处理的分蘖期与成熟期植株氮素吸收量则基本相当。不同施肥处理均有提高土壤全氮含量的趋势；Z+60%H处理的耕层土壤化肥氮素的残留率最高,并显著高于Z+100%H处理。【结论】连续4年翻压紫云英明显提高了福建单季稻区黄泥田的农田生产力,在减少40%常规化肥用量的情况下仍可维持产量稳定。翻压绿肥减肥增效的主要机制之一是紫云英矿化的养分替代了化肥。
    【목적】자운영번압후재일정정도상가개선토양이화성상,병제고후작수도적산량,단시해궤리시유우자운영번압광화후제공적담소환시유우여번압자운영후화비담소이용솔적제고유관상불청초,인차,본항목통과련속4년자운영번압환전적정위시험여원상토주모의급15 N시종,연구료복건단계도구자운영압청회전대수도산량여화비15 N흡수、분배급잔류적영향。【방법】채용단계도전간정위시험,설5개처리：1)대조,불번압자운영,불시화비(CK)；2)불번압자운영,상규화비시용량(100%H)；3)자운영+상규화비용량(Z+100%H)；4)자운영+60%적상규화비(Z+60%H)；5)지번압자운영,불시화비(Z)。상규화비용량(100%H)위시담량N 135 kg/hm2,N：P2 O5：K2 O=1：0.4：0.7,매년자운영번압량위18000 kg/hm2。매개처리3차중복,소구면적15 m2,충식수도위매소구20×15총。우정위시험적제4년,재전간정위시험소구중,채용15 N-뇨소(봉도10%)시종법여원상토주모의수도식주적담소흡수급분배정황。 PVC관직경25 cm,장35 cm,기중압입전면하20 cm,매소구매량개토주,매개토주중충식량주수도。【결과】자운영년번압18000 kg/hm2병결합시용100%화비( Z+100%H),수도자립4년평균산량비단시100%화비(100%H)증산6.5%,동시재18000 kg/hm2적자운영번압량하,주작물수도화비감량40%( Z+60%H)적산량여100%H적처리기본상당。 Z+100%H처리대제고수도분얼기식주담함량최위명현,우기시경협담함량교100%H제고7.0%,차이현저。수연불동시비처리수도생육기적화비담소이용솔무명현변화,단Z+100%H처리분얼기여성숙기식주담소흡수량분별교100%H제고23.0%여18.0%,설명록비여화비배시유리우수도식주흡수외원담소,차식주흡수담적차이주요래자우자운영광화적담원。 Z+60%H여100%H처리적분얼기여성숙기식주담소흡수량칙기본상당。불동시비처리균유제고토양전담함량적추세；Z+60%H처리적경층토양화비담소적잔류솔최고,병현저고우Z+100%H처리。【결론】련속4년번압자운영명현제고료복건단계도구황니전적농전생산력,재감소40%상규화비용량적정황하잉가유지산량은정。번압록비감비증효적주요궤제지일시자운영광화적양분체대료화비。
    Objectives Overturning Astragalus sinicus into paddy fields can improve soil physical and chemical properties and raise the output of after crop rice to some extent. However, it is still unclear that whether it is from the extra N input after overturning Astragalus sinicus or the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency. Data were collected from a 4 -years continuous field experiment of overturning Astragalus sinicus into paddy fields and supplementary undistributed soil column simulation by 15 N isotopic tracer, effects of the overturning on rice yield and N absorption, distribution and residue of 15 N isotope of chemical fertilizer were investigated in single-crop rice regions of Fujian province. [Methods] Field experiment with five treatments was implemented: 1 ) control, no overturning Astragalus sinicus and no chemical fertilizer(CK);2) only applying chemical fertilizer(100%H);3) Astragalus sinicus combined with 100% of chemical fertilizer ( Z+100%H);4 ) Astragalus sinicus combined with 60% of chemical fertilizer ( Z +60%H ); 5 ) only overturning Astragalus sinicus ( Z ) . The amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was N 135 kg/ha, N:P2 O5:K2 O=1:0. 4:0. 7,and the amount of annually overturning Astragalus sinicus was 18000 kg/ha. Each treatment was set up in 3 replicates. The plot area was 15 m2 and cultivated with 20 × 15 clumps plant. In the fourth year of the experiment, supplementary undistributed soil column simulation by 15 N isotopic tracer(10% abundance) was investigated to reveal the N absorption, distribution of chemical fertilizer. The diameter of PVC tube was 25 cm and 35 cm in length, and 20 cm length was impressed into field. 2 soil columns were inserted into each plot and each column was cultivated 2 clumps of plants.[Results]Compared with 100% chemical fertilizer treatment, rice grain yield is significantly increased by 6. 5% in the Z +100% H treatment. Overturning the same level of green mamure and reducing 40% of chemical fertilizer ( Z+60%H) , the grain yield is equivalent to that of 100%H treatment. Increasing N content of rice plant significantly is found in the Z+100%H treatment at the tillering stage. And N content of stem and leaf significantly is improved by 7. 0% in comparison with 100%H treatment, in particular. Although no significant difference is observed for nitrogen use efficiency of chemical fertilizer after the overturning Astragalus sinicus into paddy field, total N absorption of rice plant in the Z+100%H treatment is increased by 23. 0% and 18. 0% in comparison with those in the 100%H treatment at the tillering and mature periods, respectively. The above result shows green manure combined with chemical fertilizer could promote N absorption from the exogenous N sources, and differences of absorption mainly come from Astragalus sinicus’ mineralization of organic nitrogen. Total N absorption of rice plant in the Z+60%H treatment is equivalent to that in the 100%H treatment. There is a trend of increasing soil nitrogen content for different fertilization treatments. The plough soil nitrogen residual ratio is the highest in the Z+60%H treatment, with significant difference compared with the Z + 100% H treatment. [Conclusions]The 4-year continuous overturning Astragalus sinicus significantly improve the productivity of yellow paddy fields of single-crop rice in Fujian. To maintain the production, 40% chemical fertilizer could be replaced during the period of rice growth. One of main mechanisms of reducing fertilizer and improving efficiency is that mineralized nutrients of Astragalus sinicus replace the chemical fertilizer.
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