CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】铁、锰、铜、锌等微量元素含量的高低不仅直接关系到小麦植株的生长发育也直接影响到小麦籽粒的营养价值。不同地区、品种以及种植方式小麦微量元素营养品质不稳定。本试验主要研究不同生态环境与栽培措施协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响，以期为小麦高产优质生产提供参考。【方法】试验位于生态环境差异较大的北京、河北任丘和河北赵县，采用裂区设计，以试验点为主区，即任丘、北京、赵县；施氮量为副区，设5个氮素水平0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2；小麦品种为副副区，为济麦20、皖麦38、京冬8号、中麦8号。收获后于每个小区中随机取样测定籽粒样品中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等4种微量元素的含量。比较微量元素含量的差异显著性，分析不同试点生态条件与施氮量对小麦微量元素含量的影响，探讨不同生态环境下小麦微量元素含量的稳定性以及氮肥的调控补偿效应。【结果】1)小麦籽粒中铁、锰、铜、锌微量元素含量受生态环境、栽培因素及品种遗传因素的共同作用，各试验因子均对其有显著影响。其中以生态环境的影响最大，生态环境差异越大，对小麦微量元素的影响作用越大。降水量可以影响小麦对铁和锰的吸收，锌则受土壤有机质含量和试点纬度影响较大；土壤中的钾可以促进小麦对铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收利用。2)在0360 kg/hm2施氮范围内，氮肥有利于促进小麦对土壤中铁、铜和锌的吸收，不利于锰的吸收积累。适当施用氮肥有利于缩小小麦籽粒铁、锰、铜元素含量的生态环境变异，提高其生态稳定性，但对锌元素试点间稳定性影响较小。施用氮肥对不同小麦品种微量元素含量差异有不同程度的调节效应，有利于缩小小麦品种间铁、锰、锌含量的差异。【结论】栽培环境对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响大于遗传因素，即小麦籽粒微量元素含量有较强的栽培可塑性。施氮有利于弥补生态环境或品种差异引起的微量元素含量不稳定性，调节品种差异并补偿生态环境对小麦造成的不利影响。适宜的栽培环境对提高小麦籽粒微量元素含量有明显效果。【目的】鐵、錳、銅、鋅等微量元素含量的高低不僅直接關繫到小麥植株的生長髮育也直接影響到小麥籽粒的營養價值。不同地區、品種以及種植方式小麥微量元素營養品質不穩定。本試驗主要研究不同生態環境與栽培措施協同對小麥籽粒微量元素含量的影響，以期為小麥高產優質生產提供參攷。【方法】試驗位于生態環境差異較大的北京、河北任丘和河北趙縣，採用裂區設計，以試驗點為主區，即任丘、北京、趙縣；施氮量為副區，設5箇氮素水平0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2；小麥品種為副副區，為濟麥20、皖麥38、京鼕8號、中麥8號。收穫後于每箇小區中隨機取樣測定籽粒樣品中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等4種微量元素的含量。比較微量元素含量的差異顯著性，分析不同試點生態條件與施氮量對小麥微量元素含量的影響，探討不同生態環境下小麥微量元素含量的穩定性以及氮肥的調控補償效應。【結果】1)小麥籽粒中鐵、錳、銅、鋅微量元素含量受生態環境、栽培因素及品種遺傳因素的共同作用，各試驗因子均對其有顯著影響。其中以生態環境的影響最大，生態環境差異越大，對小麥微量元素的影響作用越大。降水量可以影響小麥對鐵和錳的吸收，鋅則受土壤有機質含量和試點緯度影響較大；土壤中的鉀可以促進小麥對鐵、錳、銅、鋅的吸收利用。2)在0360 kg/hm2施氮範圍內，氮肥有利于促進小麥對土壤中鐵、銅和鋅的吸收，不利于錳的吸收積纍。適噹施用氮肥有利于縮小小麥籽粒鐵、錳、銅元素含量的生態環境變異，提高其生態穩定性，但對鋅元素試點間穩定性影響較小。施用氮肥對不同小麥品種微量元素含量差異有不同程度的調節效應，有利于縮小小麥品種間鐵、錳、鋅含量的差異。【結論】栽培環境對小麥籽粒微量元素含量的影響大于遺傳因素，即小麥籽粒微量元素含量有較彊的栽培可塑性。施氮有利于瀰補生態環境或品種差異引起的微量元素含量不穩定性，調節品種差異併補償生態環境對小麥造成的不利影響。適宜的栽培環境對提高小麥籽粒微量元素含量有明顯效果。
【목적】철、맹、동、자등미량원소함량적고저불부직접관계도소맥식주적생장발육야직접영향도소맥자립적영양개치。불동지구、품충이급충식방식소맥미량원소영양품질불은정。본시험주요연구불동생태배경여재배조시협동대소맥자립미량원소함량적영향，이기위소맥고산우질생산제공삼고。【방법】시험위우생태배경차이교대적북경、하북임구화하북조현，채용렬구설계，이시험점위주구，즉임구、북경、조현；시담량위부구，설5개담소수평0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2；소맥품충위부부구，위제맥20、환맥38、경동8호、중맥8호。수획후우매개소구중수궤취양측정자립양품중Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn등4충미량원소적함량。비교미량원소함량적차이현저성，분석불동시점생태조건여시담량대소맥미량원소함량적영향，탐토불동생태배경하소맥미량원소함량적은정성이급담비적조공보상효응。【결과】1)소맥자립중철、맹、동、자미량원소함량수생태배경、재배인소급품충유전인소적공동작용，각시험인자균대기유현저영향。기중이생태배경적영향최대，생태배경차이월대，대소맥미량원소적영향작용월대。강수량가이영향소맥대철화맹적흡수，자칙수토양유궤질함량화시점위도영향교대；토양중적갑가이촉진소맥대철、맹、동、자적흡수이용。2)재0360 kg/hm2시담범위내，담비유리우촉진소맥대토양중철、동화자적흡수，불리우맹적흡수적루。괄당시용담비유리우축소소맥자립철、맹、동원소함량적생태배경변이，제고기생태은정성，단대자원소시점간은정성영향교소。시용담비대불동소맥품충미량원소함량차이유불동정도적조절효응，유리우축소소맥품충간철、맹、자함량적차이。【결론】재배배경대소맥자립미량원소함량적영향대우유전인소，즉소맥자립미량원소함량유교강적재배가소성。시담유리우미보생태배경혹품충차이인기적미량원소함량불은정성，조절품충차이병보상생태배경대소맥조성적불리영향。괄의적재배배경대제고소맥자립미량원소함량유명현효과。
Objectives Microelements are important parts of wheat grain. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, not only directly affect the growth of wheat plants, but also the nutritional quality of wheat grain. The micronutrient contents are varied in different ecological regions, cultivars as well as fertilization practices. To provide a reference for stable development of wheat quality, effects of different ecological environment and cultivation on microelements contents in wheat grain were studied through a synchronous test. [Methods] Experiment were carried out simultaneously in three ecological test sites, namely Renqiu, Beijing and Zhaoxian in 2009-2011. Split plot design was used with the test area as the main plot, nitrogen level as subplot, which is arranged with 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg/ha and wheat cultivar as sub-subplot, which includes Jimai 20, Wanmai 38, Jingdong 8 and ZhongMai 8. The contents of microelements ( Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in wheat grain from different plots were determined after the harvest. The microelement contents in different ecological conditions and nitrogen levels were analyzed, and the ecological stability of the microelement contents and regulate compensation effect of nitrogen application on the microelement contents under different environment conditions were discussed.[Results]1 ) The results show that the contents of microelements ( Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) are affected by all the three factors significantly. The highest difference is from ecological environment. The absorption of precipitation Fe and Mn is affected, and Zn element by soil organic matter content and latitude of experiment site. Soil potassium content can promote the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn absorption and utilization in wheat. 2 ) Within the 0-360 kg/ha of N fertilizer use levels, the N fertilizer application is beneficial for the absorption of Fe, Cu and Zn by wheat, not to that of Mn. Proper application of N fertilizer is beneficial to reducing variations in the contents of Fe, Mn and Zn caused by ecological enviroment, not obvious to that of Zn among environments. The moderating effects of N fertilizer on the grain microelement contents are different in wheat cultivars. Proper application rate of nitrogen fertilizer narrows the differences of the contents of Fe, Mn and Zn in cultivars. [Conclusions]The effect of cultivation environment on the micronutrient contents of wheat grain is higher than that of genetic factors, that is, the microelement contents have strong cultivation plasticity. Nitrogen fertilizer has compensation effect to the instability of the microelement contents caused by adverse ecological environments or cultivars. Reasonable cultivation environment can effectively improve the micronutrient contents in wheat grains.