工程地质学报
工程地質學報
공정지질학보
2014年
4期
739-756
,共18页
地质岩石力学%封闭应力%流体包裹体%高地应力%岩爆%巷道大变形%岩石工程
地質巖石力學%封閉應力%流體包裹體%高地應力%巖爆%巷道大變形%巖石工程
지질암석역학%봉폐응력%류체포과체%고지응력%암폭%항도대변형%암석공정
Geo-rock mechanics%Locked in stress%Fluid inclusion%In-situ stress%Rock burst%Large deformation%Rock engineering
陈宗基先生在1979年提出了“封闭应力”假说，认为它是岩石工程灾害的原因。近年来，钱七虎院士和王思敬院士分别对“封闭应力”假说作了肯定的定性讨论。30多年过去了，这个“封闭应力”假说仅得到极其少的定量研究和发展。在本文中，我提出和试图论证流体包裹体是一种具体、实在、可测量和计算的应力包裹体。它在地质岩石与矿物中普遍存在。它有压强和体积膨胀能。它是一种封闭应力和内应变能的具体存在和作用形式。我给出了这个压强、体积膨胀能和封闭应力包裹体对围岩作用的计算公式和算例。这个包裹流体压强值与深部岩石高地应力场值相当。我进一步分析和讨论了，岩石微小、密封、压紧的流体包裹体应该是深部工程岩石开挖洞室或巷道出现的岩爆、冲击地压、矿震、洞壁劈裂、围岩分区破裂和巷道大变形的一个共同张性体积力源。我认为，这个地质岩石与矿物内紧压膨胀的流体包裹体封闭应力能够完整逻辑一致地、符合自然规律地解释人们所见到的、报道的、与这些深部工程灾害相关的所有事实。并且，它能将这些事实和现象合理地、随时间演变地联系和重塑起来。这种实在、可测试、可定量的封闭应力源和能源的提出和研究能为岩石力学工作者，更好地沿着老一辈岩石力学专家们指引的途径和思路，来建立新的地质岩石力学理论、方法和技术，以更加符合自然规律地解决岩石力学领域世界性难题的深部工程灾害问题。
陳宗基先生在1979年提齣瞭“封閉應力”假說，認為它是巖石工程災害的原因。近年來，錢七虎院士和王思敬院士分彆對“封閉應力”假說作瞭肯定的定性討論。30多年過去瞭，這箇“封閉應力”假說僅得到極其少的定量研究和髮展。在本文中，我提齣和試圖論證流體包裹體是一種具體、實在、可測量和計算的應力包裹體。它在地質巖石與礦物中普遍存在。它有壓彊和體積膨脹能。它是一種封閉應力和內應變能的具體存在和作用形式。我給齣瞭這箇壓彊、體積膨脹能和封閉應力包裹體對圍巖作用的計算公式和算例。這箇包裹流體壓彊值與深部巖石高地應力場值相噹。我進一步分析和討論瞭，巖石微小、密封、壓緊的流體包裹體應該是深部工程巖石開挖洞室或巷道齣現的巖爆、遲擊地壓、礦震、洞壁劈裂、圍巖分區破裂和巷道大變形的一箇共同張性體積力源。我認為，這箇地質巖石與礦物內緊壓膨脹的流體包裹體封閉應力能夠完整邏輯一緻地、符閤自然規律地解釋人們所見到的、報道的、與這些深部工程災害相關的所有事實。併且，它能將這些事實和現象閤理地、隨時間縯變地聯繫和重塑起來。這種實在、可測試、可定量的封閉應力源和能源的提齣和研究能為巖石力學工作者，更好地沿著老一輩巖石力學專傢們指引的途徑和思路，來建立新的地質巖石力學理論、方法和技術，以更加符閤自然規律地解決巖石力學領域世界性難題的深部工程災害問題。
진종기선생재1979년제출료“봉폐응력”가설，인위타시암석공정재해적원인。근년래，전칠호원사화왕사경원사분별대“봉폐응력”가설작료긍정적정성토론。30다년과거료，저개“봉폐응력”가설부득도겁기소적정량연구화발전。재본문중，아제출화시도론증류체포과체시일충구체、실재、가측량화계산적응력포과체。타재지질암석여광물중보편존재。타유압강화체적팽창능。타시일충봉폐응력화내응변능적구체존재화작용형식。아급출료저개압강、체적팽창능화봉폐응력포과체대위암작용적계산공식화산례。저개포과류체압강치여심부암석고지응력장치상당。아진일보분석화토론료，암석미소、밀봉、압긴적류체포과체응해시심부공정암석개알동실혹항도출현적암폭、충격지압、광진、동벽벽렬、위암분구파렬화항도대변형적일개공동장성체적력원。아인위，저개지질암석여광물내긴압팽창적류체포과체봉폐응력능구완정라집일치지、부합자연규률지해석인문소견도적、보도적、여저사심부공정재해상관적소유사실。병차，타능장저사사실화현상합리지、수시간연변지련계화중소기래。저충실재、가측시、가정량적봉폐응력원화능원적제출화연구능위암석역학공작자，경호지연착로일배암석역학전가문지인적도경화사로，래건립신적지질암석역학이론、방법화기술，이경가부합자연규률지해결암석역학영역세계성난제적심부공정재해문제。
About 35 years ago,Professor TAN Tjong-Kie proposed the hypothesis of rock“locked in”stresses and considered the“locked in”stresses were the failure cause of rock engineering projects.In recent years,Professor Wang Sijing and Professor Qian Qihu have made some qualitative discussions on the hypothesis.However,this hypothesis has received very little attention and quantitative investigation.In this paper,the author puts forward and attempts to show that the tiny gas(or liquid)inclusions in contact rocks are a specific,concrete and measurable type of variable and considerable“locked in”stresses and kinetic energy.The pressure and volumetric expansion energy of a gas inclusion are a type of“locked in”(or sealed)stresses and internal deformation energy of actual existence and active power.The author gives the governing equations to calculate the pressure and volumetric expansion energy of gas inclusions,which is shown with calculation examples.The pressure of the gas inclusions is equivalent to the average value of the in-situ stresses in deep rocks.The gas inclusions,sealed in micro-defects or voids of deep rocks,are the common tensile or expanding volumetric force sources for the occurrences of many failures in the surrounding rocks of excavated or engineered caverns or tunnels in deep rock ground.Because of differences in the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rocks,the compressed and dense gas inclusions can cause the following three results and /or phenomena.They are (a)stable walls,(b)brittle fractures and (c)large deformation of the surrounding rocks.Hard and brittle intact rocks can have brittle fractures in the forms of rock burst,mine earthquake,rock split,and zonal disintegration.Soft and ductile intact rocks can have the deformation failure in the forms large deformation,creep and pressure bump accordingly.In addition,the gas inclusions with high pressure can be the source of abnormally high in-situ stresses in some special deep rock grounds.
