CAJ | 학술논문

本文评述了滑坡地震稳定性分析方法的由来，发展和存在问题。比较了基于拟静力法的边坡和滑坡地震力分析的规范，讨论了放大效应与加速度分布系数，滑坡模型的刚性与非刚性，静力与动力分析等问题。尽管拟静力法仍是滑坡地震分析的常用方法，但实际上从太沙基首先引入该方法开始，就受到包括他本人在内的学者们的质疑。特别是从20世纪70年代Seed H．B．对1971年2月9日圣费尔南多地震引发的土石坝滑坡进行了系统研究以来，在欧美等国，基于时程的动力学分析取得了明显的进展，逐渐成为滑坡地震分析的一种更为合理的方法。汶川地震后，我国新制定、修订的与边（滑）坡相关规范大多仍沿用前苏联20世纪40～50年代的《地震区建筑规范》和我国20世纪70年代颁布的《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》（SDJ10-78）采用的方法，在设计理论和实际应用上仍处于粗浅的经验阶段。作者建议应该借鉴地震工程的新理论和新方法，推动我国滑坡地震力分析的现代化和规范化，认为：正如滑坡在重力下的稳定性评价可以根据岩土体的特征，采用圆弧法和折线法两大类方法那样，在地震力作用下的稳定性分析也应进行分类：（1）对于岩质滑坡，应采用地震惯性力沿不同高度考虑放大系数的拟静力法；（2）对于均质饱水的土质滑坡，应采用循环荷载下可模拟土体液化特征的动力分析法；（3）对于堆积层滑坡，应简化放大系数，根据具体条件采用拟静力法或动力分析法。
본문평술료활파지진은정성분석방법적유래，발전화존재문제。비교료기우의정역법적변파화활파지진력분석적규범，토론료방대효응여가속도분포계수，활파모형적강성여비강성，정력여동력분석등문제。진관의정역법잉시활파지진분석적상용방법，단실제상종태사기수선인입해방법개시，취수도포괄타본인재내적학자문적질의。특별시종20세기70년대Seed H．B．대1971년2월9일골비이남다지진인발적토석패활파진행료계통연구이래，재구미등국，기우시정적동역학분석취득료명현적진전，축점성위활파지진분석적일충경위합리적방법。문천지진후，아국신제정、수정적여변（활）파상관규범대다잉연용전소련20세기40～50년대적《지진구건축규범》화아국20세기70년대반포적《수공건축물항진설계규범》（SDJ10-78）채용적방법，재설계이론화실제응용상잉처우조천적경험계단。작자건의응해차감지진공정적신이론화신방법，추동아국활파지진력분석적현대화화규범화，인위：정여활파재중력하적은정성평개가이근거암토체적특정，채용원호법화절선법량대류방법나양，재지진력작용하적은정성분석야응진행분류：（1）대우암질활파，응채용지진관성력연불동고도고필방대계수적의정역법；（2）대우균질포수적토질활파，응채용순배하재하가모의토체액화특정적동력분석법；（3）대우퇴적층활파，응간화방대계수，근거구체조건채용의정역법혹동력분석법。
The origin,development and problem of seismic force analysis methods for slope stability are described in this paper.The codes of seismic analysis for the stabilization of slopes and landslides based on pseudo-static analysis were compared,and then some questions such as the magnified effect and coefficient of acceleration distributions,the rigid and non-rigid of landslides models,and the static and dynamic analysis were discussed. Pseudo-static analysis is one of the commonly used methods put forward firstly by Terzaghi K.However,it was questioned by scholars including Terzaghi himself from the start.Since Seed H.B.study systematically on the damage of earth-rock fill dam triggered by San Fernando earthquake on February 9,1971,the time-depended dynamic analysis has made significant progress and became the more scientific and logical method in Europe and America. The method in the Building Codes in Earthquake Region of the former Soviet Union in the 1940-1950s and the Chinese Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures(SDJ10-78)enacted in the 70s were still being used in the landslides codes formulated and revised after the Wenchuan earthquake,and the design theories and practical application are still at the primary experience stage.The authors suggest that new theory and methods should be recommended for reference to promote the modernized and standardized management of landslide seismic force analysis in China.That is,as the stability evaluation of landslide under the gravity should be classified to circle slice method and broken-line method according to the characteristics of rock and soil,the stability analysis of slopes under seismic load should be classified too:(1 )for rockslides,pseudo-static analysis with amplification factor of earthquake inertia force distributed along the height should be preferred;(2 )for saturated homogenous soil landslide,dynamics analytical method considering liquefaction feature under cyclic loading should be preferred;(3)for rock-soil accumulation landslides,pseudo-static or dynamic analysis methods with simplified amplification factor are generally to be preferred according to the landslides conditions.