CAJ | 학술논문

研究双季稻收获后填闲种植不同冬季作物在其生长季节内甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放特征，对合理利用冬闲稻田、发展冬季作物生产及合理评价不同种植模式具有重要意义。采用静态箱-气相色谱法对冬季免耕直播黑麦草、紫云英和冬闲的双季稻田中CH4和N2O排放及其相关微生物数量变化进行了分析。在冬季作物生长期，不同冬季作物稻田CH4和N2O排放通量均显著高于对照（冬闲），CH4和N2O排放通量均表现为免耕直播黑麦草＞免耕直播紫云英＞冬闲；免耕直播黑麦草和紫云英处理稻田CH4排放量分别为2.28和1.07 g·m-2，分别比对照增加241.92%和60.63%；N2O排放量分别为0.59和0.48 g·m-2，分别比对照增加71.93%和40.06%；各处理稻田土壤产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化细菌、硝化细菌及反硝化细菌的数量变化范围分别为0.33×102~163.37×102 cfu·g-1、11.05×103~245.68×103 cfu·g-1、3.21×103~178.26×103cfu·g-1和10.47×105~198.88×105 cfu·g-1，免耕直播黑麦草和紫云英处理稻田土壤产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量均显著高于冬闲，其中免耕直播黑麦草处理稻田土壤的产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化细菌和硝化细菌数量显著高于免耕直播紫云英处理，而免耕直播紫云英处理稻田土壤反硝化细菌的数量则显著高于免耕直播黑麦草处理。研究结果显示，种植不同冬季作物能促进稻田生态系统中CH4和N2O的排放，而这两种气体的排放量与稻田土壤产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量变化密切相关。
연구쌍계도수획후전한충식불동동계작물재기생장계절내갑완（CH4）화양화아담（N2O）적배방특정，대합리이용동한도전、발전동계작물생산급합리평개불동충식모식구유중요의의。채용정태상-기상색보법대동계면경직파흑맥초、자운영화동한적쌍계도전중CH4화N2O배방급기상관미생물수량변화진행료분석。재동계작물생장기，불동동계작물도전CH4화N2O배방통량균현저고우대조（동한），CH4화N2O배방통량균표현위면경직파흑맥초＞면경직파자운영＞동한；면경직파흑맥초화자운영처리도전CH4배방량분별위2.28화1.07 g·m-2，분별비대조증가241.92%화60.63%；N2O배방량분별위0.59화0.48 g·m-2，분별비대조증가71.93%화40.06%；각처리도전토양산갑완세균、갑완양화세균、초화세균급반초화세균적수량변화범위분별위0.33×102~163.37×102 cfu·g-1、11.05×103~245.68×103 cfu·g-1、3.21×103~178.26×103cfu·g-1화10.47×105~198.88×105 cfu·g-1，면경직파흑맥초화자운영처리도전토양산갑완세균、갑완양화세균、초화세균화반초화세균적수량균현저고우동한，기중면경직파흑맥초처리도전토양적산갑완세균、갑완양화세균화초화세균수량현저고우면경직파자운영처리，이면경직파자운영처리도전토양반초화세균적수량칙현저고우면경직파흑맥초처리。연구결과현시，충식불동동계작물능촉진도전생태계통중CH4화N2O적배방，이저량충기체적배방량여도전토양산갑완세균、갑완양화균、초화세균화반초화세균수량변화밀절상관。
Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two important trace gases, which are considered to have 15-30 and 150-200 times more radioactively active than CO2, respectively. It is well known that agricultural soils are the major sources of atmospheric CH4 and N2O. At present, the effect of different winter crops cultivations on CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy field is unclear. So the quantitative and possible mechanisms dependence of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy field on different winter crops cultivation is still far from being understood. In the paper, the static chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique with manual method was used to verify the effects of different winter crop treatments including no-tillage ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) (T1), no-tillage Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) (T2) and fallow (CK) on CH4 and N2O emission from double-cropping paddy fields in subtropical regions of China and related microflora. The results showed that the flux and emission of CH4and N2O was varied with different winter crops cultivations in the order: T1>T2>CK, and the emission of CH4 and N2O from the two treatments during the whole growth stage was more significant than that of CK (P<0.01). T1 and T2 not only had the largest CH4emission (2.28 and 1.07 g·m-2) with increasing by 241.92% and 60.63%, but also had the largest N2O emission (0.59 and 0.48 g·m-2) with increasing 71.93% and 40.06% compared with CK. The results indicated that the abundance of methanogens, methanotrophs, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria from the two treatments during the whole growth stage was more significant than that of CK. During the winter covering crops whole growth stage, the abundance of methanogens, methanotrophs, nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria was 0.33-163.37×102cfu·g-1, 11.05-245.68×103 cfu·g-1, 3.21-178.26×103cfu·g-1, 10.47-198.88×105 cfu·g-1, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of methanogens, methanotrophs and nitrifying bacteria from the T1 during the whole growth stage was more significant than that of T2, while the abundance of denitrifying bacteria from the T2was more significant than that of T1. Our results clearly demonstrated that CH4 and N2O emission from double-cropping paddy fields was significantly promoted by planting different winter covering crops in double paddy field ecosystem. The CH4 and N2O emission was significantly correlated with the abundance of methanogens, methanotrophs, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria during the whole growth stage of winter crops.