CAJ | 학술논문

黄河三角洲是我国典型的通过黄河冲积泥沙填海造陆形成的近代沉积区。区域受到黄河冲积、沉积等自然过程和农业耕种熟化等人类活动的双重影响。本研究通过在黄河三角洲地区内陆到河口海湾不同距离采集典型土壤类型剖面发生层样品，探讨土壤有机碳、总氮等生源要素的空间分布规律，为阐明我国典型海岸带地区陆源碳、氮的输送及循环特征提供基础依据。研究结果表明，黄河三角洲内陆与河口地区呈现出完全不同的土壤碳、氮分布规律。表层土壤碳、氮含量在黄河沿岸及三角洲南部均表现出由陆向海逐级递减的空间分布特征，而在黄河刁口流路和清水沟流路沿行水方向有梯度升高的趋势。内陆地区土壤碳、氮与盐分呈一定的负相关关系，表明土壤碳、氮主要受到耕作熟化过程的影响；而在河口地区两者呈显著的正相关关系(p<0.01)，表明靠近海湾地区土壤碳、氮积累可能受到细颗粒泥沙沉积和滩涂湿地厌氧等环境影响。表层土壤碳、氮比变幅在3.6~8.6之间，说明该地区土壤有机质分解较快，不利于有机碳的积累。土壤剖面中，一些特殊发生层如红色夹黏层、黑色泥炭层对土壤碳、氮的富集具有明显的作用，其中红色夹黏层的土壤碳、氮含量接近耕层土壤。总之，黄河三角洲土壤在耕作垦殖、泥沙沉积等综合作用下形成的空间分布格局以及剖面特征发生层是影响碳、氮封存、释放和增汇等循环过程的关键驱动因素。
황하삼각주시아국전형적통과황하충적니사전해조륙형성적근대침적구。구역수도황하충적、침적등자연과정화농업경충숙화등인류활동적쌍중영향。본연구통과재황하삼각주지구내륙도하구해만불동거리채집전형토양류형부면발생층양품，탐토토양유궤탄、총담등생원요소적공간분포규률，위천명아국전형해안대지구륙원탄、담적수송급순배특정제공기출의거。연구결과표명，황하삼각주내륙여하구지구정현출완전불동적토양탄、담분포규률。표층토양탄、담함량재황하연안급삼각주남부균표현출유륙향해축급체감적공간분포특정，이재황하조구류로화청수구류로연행수방향유제도승고적추세。내륙지구토양탄、담여염분정일정적부상관관계，표명토양탄、담주요수도경작숙화과정적영향；이재하구지구량자정현저적정상관관계(p<0.01)，표명고근해만지구토양탄、담적루가능수도세과립니사침적화탄도습지염양등배경영향。표층토양탄、담비변폭재3.6~8.6지간，설명해지구토양유궤질분해교쾌，불리우유궤탄적적루。토양부면중，일사특수발생층여홍색협점층、흑색니탄층대토양탄、담적부집구유명현적작용，기중홍색협점층적토양탄、담함량접근경층토양。총지，황하삼각주토양재경작은식、니사침적등종합작용하형성적공간분포격국이급부면특정발생층시영향탄、담봉존、석방화증회등순배과정적관건구동인소。
The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is a typical fluvial plain that formed by the Yellow River alluvial sediments. The soils of the area are heavily influenced by natural processes (e.g., alluviation and deposition of the Yellow River) and human activities (e.g., long-term cultivation). The objective of this study was to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the YRD region based on the pedogenetic horizon samples from the typical soil sections of inland to tidal flat. The study could be helpful to understand the transport and cycling of terrestrial organic carbon and nitrogen in estuarine-coastal zone. The results showed that distinct distribution patterns of soil carbon and nitrogen were observed in the inland and estuary areas. The concentrations of TN and SOC in surface soils gradually decreased seaward along the Yellow River and in the southern part of the delta, while an increasing trend could be found along the Qingshuigou and Diaokou course. A negative correlation of SOC and TN with salt content was found in the soils of the inland areas, implying the influence of cultivation on the accumulation of SOC and TN. However, an inverse relationship was found in the estuary, which implied that fine particle sediment and reduction condition might make an impact on the accumulation of SOC and TN in the soils of the tidal flat area. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) in the soil was relatively lower than that in other farmlands. This meant that the soil environment was favorable to the accumulation of nitrogen and decomposition of soil organic matter. The depth distribution of SOC and TN indicated that the special pedogentic horizons, such as red clay layer in the depth of>60 cm and peat layer in the topsoil of tidal flat, played an important role in the enrichment of SOC and TN in the Yellow River Delta. Therefore, spatial distribution pattern and special pedogentic horizons of the soils in YRD formed by cultivation and sediment deposition were important factors that affect their seal, release and sink during the SOC and TN cycle process.