生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
5期
777-784
,共8页
低温胁迫%气体交换参数%叶绿素荧光参数%抗寒能力评价%抗寒筛选
低溫脅迫%氣體交換參數%葉綠素熒光參數%抗寒能力評價%抗寒篩選
저온협박%기체교환삼수%협록소형광삼수%항한능력평개%항한사선
low temperature stress%gas exchange parameters%chlorophyll fluorescence parameters%cold tolerance evaluation%cold tolerance screening
以格木（Erythrophleum fordii）、降香黄檀（Dalbergia odorifera）、闽楠（Phoebe bournei）檀香( Santalum album)、铁刀木（Cassia siamea）和樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）6种珍贵树种苗木为研究对象，分析自然降温过程中苗木相对叶绿素含量、气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的变化，探讨低温胁迫对这6种苗木光合荧光特性的影响，并利用隶属函数法对6种珍贵树种耐寒能力进行了评价，以期了解这几种植物的抗寒能力差异及低温对其光合能力的影响，为扩大引种和栽培提供依据。结果表明，与对照相比，低温胁迫下6种珍贵树种苗木净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均有不同程度的下降，其中，格木、降香黄檀、闽楠、檀香、铁刀木净光合效率的下降很大程度上来源于非气孔因素抑制，而樟树净光合速率下降可能来源于气孔限制因素。闽楠、檀香和樟树水分利用效率（WUE）呈上升趋势，而格木与降香黄檀WUE均有不同程度的降低，表明闽楠、檀香和樟树能较好地协调碳同化和水分耗散。低温胁迫下6种珍贵树种Fm均有所下降，表明低温可对珍贵树种苗木叶片PSII反应中心的电子传递潜力产生明显的抑制，致使珍贵树种PSII的光能转换效率降低。降香黄檀、闽楠、檀香、铁刀木和樟树经历2次低温胁迫后qP呈现出持续下降的趋势，表明珍贵树种PSII反应中心的开放程度降低。在2次低温胁迫间格木、降香黄檀、闽楠和铁刀木qN差异不显著（p>0.05），表明珍贵树种具有过剩光能耗散机制，保护光合机构免受破坏。相关性分析结果表明，Pn与Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR和Fm存在极显著相关关系（p<0.01），表明 Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR 和 Fm均可作为衡量植物光合能力的参数。隶属函数法分析结果表明，6种珍贵树种抗寒能力依次为格木>樟树>闽楠=檀香=铁刀木>降香黄檀。总之，低温胁迫破坏了这6种苗木光合机构可能是导致植物光合能力降低的主要原因，且不同植物对低温胁迫的响应程度不同，这是扩大引种和栽培需要考虑的因素。
以格木（Erythrophleum fordii）、降香黃檀（Dalbergia odorifera）、閩楠（Phoebe bournei）檀香( Santalum album)、鐵刀木（Cassia siamea）和樟樹（Cinnamomum camphora）6種珍貴樹種苗木為研究對象，分析自然降溫過程中苗木相對葉綠素含量、氣體交換參數及葉綠素熒光參數等指標的變化，探討低溫脅迫對這6種苗木光閤熒光特性的影響，併利用隸屬函數法對6種珍貴樹種耐寒能力進行瞭評價，以期瞭解這幾種植物的抗寒能力差異及低溫對其光閤能力的影響，為擴大引種和栽培提供依據。結果錶明，與對照相比，低溫脅迫下6種珍貴樹種苗木淨光閤速率（Pn）、氣孔導度（Gs）和蒸騰速率（Tr）均有不同程度的下降，其中，格木、降香黃檀、閩楠、檀香、鐵刀木淨光閤效率的下降很大程度上來源于非氣孔因素抑製，而樟樹淨光閤速率下降可能來源于氣孔限製因素。閩楠、檀香和樟樹水分利用效率（WUE）呈上升趨勢，而格木與降香黃檀WUE均有不同程度的降低，錶明閩楠、檀香和樟樹能較好地協調碳同化和水分耗散。低溫脅迫下6種珍貴樹種Fm均有所下降，錶明低溫可對珍貴樹種苗木葉片PSII反應中心的電子傳遞潛力產生明顯的抑製，緻使珍貴樹種PSII的光能轉換效率降低。降香黃檀、閩楠、檀香、鐵刀木和樟樹經歷2次低溫脅迫後qP呈現齣持續下降的趨勢，錶明珍貴樹種PSII反應中心的開放程度降低。在2次低溫脅迫間格木、降香黃檀、閩楠和鐵刀木qN差異不顯著（p>0.05），錶明珍貴樹種具有過剩光能耗散機製，保護光閤機構免受破壞。相關性分析結果錶明，Pn與Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR和Fm存在極顯著相關關繫（p<0.01），錶明 Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR 和 Fm均可作為衡量植物光閤能力的參數。隸屬函數法分析結果錶明，6種珍貴樹種抗寒能力依次為格木>樟樹>閩楠=檀香=鐵刀木>降香黃檀。總之，低溫脅迫破壞瞭這6種苗木光閤機構可能是導緻植物光閤能力降低的主要原因，且不同植物對低溫脅迫的響應程度不同，這是擴大引種和栽培需要攷慮的因素。
이격목（Erythrophleum fordii）、강향황단（Dalbergia odorifera）、민남（Phoebe bournei）단향( Santalum album)、철도목（Cassia siamea）화장수（Cinnamomum camphora）6충진귀수충묘목위연구대상，분석자연강온과정중묘목상대협록소함량、기체교환삼수급협록소형광삼수등지표적변화，탐토저온협박대저6충묘목광합형광특성적영향，병이용대속함수법대6충진귀수충내한능력진행료평개，이기료해저궤충식물적항한능력차이급저온대기광합능력적영향，위확대인충화재배제공의거。결과표명，여대조상비，저온협박하6충진귀수충묘목정광합속솔（Pn）、기공도도（Gs）화증등속솔（Tr）균유불동정도적하강，기중，격목、강향황단、민남、단향、철도목정광합효솔적하강흔대정도상래원우비기공인소억제，이장수정광합속솔하강가능래원우기공한제인소。민남、단향화장수수분이용효솔（WUE）정상승추세，이격목여강향황단WUE균유불동정도적강저，표명민남、단향화장수능교호지협조탄동화화수분모산。저온협박하6충진귀수충Fm균유소하강，표명저온가대진귀수충묘목협편PSII반응중심적전자전체잠력산생명현적억제，치사진귀수충PSII적광능전환효솔강저。강향황단、민남、단향、철도목화장수경력2차저온협박후qP정현출지속하강적추세，표명진귀수충PSII반응중심적개방정도강저。재2차저온협박간격목、강향황단、민남화철도목qN차이불현저（p>0.05），표명진귀수충구유과잉광능모산궤제，보호광합궤구면수파배。상관성분석결과표명，Pn여Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR화Fm존재겁현저상관관계（p<0.01），표명 Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR 화 Fm균가작위형량식물광합능력적삼수。대속함수법분석결과표명，6충진귀수충항한능력의차위격목>장수>민남=단향=철도목>강향황단。총지，저온협박파배료저6충묘목광합궤구가능시도치식물광합능력강저적주요원인，차불동식물대저온협박적향응정도불동，저시확대인충화재배수요고필적인소。
The gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the relative chlorophyll content of 6 kinds of precious hardwoods seedlings ofErythrophleum fordii,Dalbergia odorifera,Phoebe bournei, Santalum album,Cassia siamea, and Cinnamomum camphorawere were measured in winter using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the obtained data were analyzed to explore the relationship between these parameters and cold resistance. The method of subordination function was used to evaluate cold resistance comprehensively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the six tree species seedlings declined in the process of low temperature stress comparing with controls. The decline ofPnofD. odorifera,S. album andC. siamea mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation, while ofC. camphora caused by stomatal limitation. The water use efficiency (WUE) of P. bournei,E. fordii andC. siamea increased in low temperature stress, while WUE of E. fordii and D.odorifera decreased,this showed thatP. bournei,E. fordii andC. siamea have better ability in coordinating the relationship between carbon assimilation and water dissipation. The maximum fluorescence (Fm) and Maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry(Fm/Fv)of each species decreased to some extent under low temperature stress which indicated that low temperature produced significant inhibition on the electron transfer potential of PSII reaction centers and reduced photochemical efficiency of PSII of the six tree species seedlings. The qP of D. odorifera,P. bournei,S. albumandC. siamea showed a declining trend after 2 times low temperature stress which indicated that the degree of openness of PSII reaction centers of precious hardwood decreased. The qN ofE. fordii,D. odorifera,P. bournei andC. siamea showed no significant difference (p>0.05) after 2 times low temperature stress which indicated that those species had excess energy dissipation mechanisms and protected the photosynthetic apparatus from damage. Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations betweenPn andGs,Tr,Fv/Fm, qP, qN, ETR, Fm(p<0.01). Therefore, those parameters could be used as parameters to measure the photosynthetic capacity. The mean value of the subordinate function indicated that their ability of low temperature resistance from high to lowE. fordii,C. camphora>P. bournei=S. album=C. siamea>D. odorifera. In short, low temperature stress destroy the 6 kinds of seedling photosynthetic organization which may be the reason that induce plant photosynthetic capacity reduction, and the degree of response of different plants to chilling stress are different, which should be taken into account when consider to expand the introduction and cultivation of those trees.
