水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2014年
7期
793-800
,共8页
刘晓燕%王富贵%杨胜天%李晓宇%马红斌%何兴照
劉曉燕%王富貴%楊勝天%李曉宇%馬紅斌%何興照
류효연%왕부귀%양성천%리효우%마홍빈%하흥조
黄土丘陵沟壑区%水平梯田%减沙作用%方法
黃土丘陵溝壑區%水平梯田%減沙作用%方法
황토구릉구학구%수평제전%감사작용%방법
the hilly-gully region in the Loess Plateau%level terrace%sediment reduction%method
黄土高原水平梯田的减沙作用很可能一直被低估。本文分析了梯田对坡沟产水产沙的调控机制，认为水平梯田不仅可大幅减少自身产沙量，而且还可截留上方来沙，并通过减少坡面径流下沟实现沟谷减沙；有埂水平梯田对流域的减沙潜力可达65%~90%。基于黄土丘陵沟壑区第三和第五副区不同时期的实测数据，分析了多年平均降雨情况下不同规模水平梯田对流域的减沙作用；引入梯田比和减沙幅度的概念，构建了不同规模水平梯田与减沙幅度的关系式，可用于大空间尺度上水平梯田减沙作用的定量评价。分析认为，在梯田比5%~30%范围内，梯田比几乎与减沙幅度成正比；当梯田比大于35%~40%后，其减沙作用基本稳定在90%左右。水平梯田对洪水含沙量的削减作用不明显，对雨强的产沙响应不敏感。
黃土高原水平梯田的減沙作用很可能一直被低估。本文分析瞭梯田對坡溝產水產沙的調控機製，認為水平梯田不僅可大幅減少自身產沙量，而且還可截留上方來沙，併通過減少坡麵徑流下溝實現溝穀減沙；有埂水平梯田對流域的減沙潛力可達65%~90%。基于黃土丘陵溝壑區第三和第五副區不同時期的實測數據，分析瞭多年平均降雨情況下不同規模水平梯田對流域的減沙作用；引入梯田比和減沙幅度的概唸，構建瞭不同規模水平梯田與減沙幅度的關繫式，可用于大空間呎度上水平梯田減沙作用的定量評價。分析認為，在梯田比5%~30%範圍內，梯田比幾乎與減沙幅度成正比；噹梯田比大于35%~40%後，其減沙作用基本穩定在90%左右。水平梯田對洪水含沙量的削減作用不明顯，對雨彊的產沙響應不敏感。
황토고원수평제전적감사작용흔가능일직피저고。본문분석료제전대파구산수산사적조공궤제，인위수평제전불부가대폭감소자신산사량，이차환가절류상방래사，병통과감소파면경류하구실현구곡감사；유경수평제전대류역적감사잠력가체65%~90%。기우황토구릉구학구제삼화제오부구불동시기적실측수거，분석료다년평균강우정황하불동규모수평제전대류역적감사작용；인입제전비화감사폭도적개념，구건료불동규모수평제전여감사폭도적관계식，가용우대공간척도상수평제전감사작용적정량평개。분석인위，재제전비5%~30%범위내，제전비궤호여감사폭도성정비；당제전비대우35%~40%후，기감사작용기본은정재90%좌우。수평제전대홍수함사량적삭감작용불명현，대우강적산사향응불민감。
The sediment reduction effect of level terrace in the Loess Plateau is likely to have been under-estimated before. By analyzing the water and sediment regulation mechanism of the terraces in the basin,it is realized that the level terrace can not only significantly reduce the sediment yield from itself, but also intercept the sediment yield from the upper area, and can achieve the valley sediment reduction by reduc-ing runoff flowing from slope to valley. The sediment reduction potential of level terrace with ridges in wa-tershed is up to 65%. Based on the measured data of the third and the fifth sub-district of the loess hilly region in different periods, the sediment reduction effect of different scale level terraces is analyzed under average annual rainfall condition. The concept of terrace ratio is introduced to build the relationship be-tween terrace ratio and sediment reduction magnitude, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate sedi-ment reduction effect of level terrace on a large spatial scale, When the terrace ratio is less than 30 %, the magnitude of sediment reduction is basically proportional to the terrace ratio;and when the terrace ra-tio is larger than 35%,the sediment reduction effect is basically stable at about 90%. The flood sediment concentration reduction effect of level terrace is not very obvious;this characteristic can be used to mea-sure the water-reducing effect of level terrace in the river basin.
