CAJ | 학술논문

牙鲆是我国及大西洋沿岸天然捕捞和养殖的主导品种,对其遗传资源保护及养殖新品种开发具有重要的意义。本文对人工培育的牙鲆养殖新品种“鲆优1号”(ZJ)、其父本韩国牙鲆群体(KS)、母本F0750家系(JX)的18个表型性状进行测量,利用SSPS程序进行方差分析和多重比较,发现体长/体宽,头长/眼径,头长/眼间距、眼径/眼间距,侧线鳞和尾鳍条6个性状与父本或母本具有显著性差异(p<0.05),可做为鉴别“鲆优1号”的标志性表型性状。“鲆优1号”与母本无显著差异(p>0.05)性状占50%。与父本无显著性差异(p>0.05)性状占33.33%。筛选了24个多态性微卫星引物对KS、JX、ZJ和FJ的遗传多样性进行分析,总共扩增出143个等位基因。4个群体的平均等位基因数(Na)大于平均有效等位基因数(Nae),平均观测杂合度大于平均期望杂合度,多态信息含量(PICa)分析显示：KS>JX>FJ>ZJ,说明人工选育导致了遗传杂合度的降低。24个微卫星位点在4个牙鲆群体中的遗传偏离指数(D )在-0.7597到0.1884之间,在KS、JX、ZJ和FJ群体中分别有10、16、11和17个位点显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)偏离 Hardy-Weinberg平衡。24个基因位点的遗传分化系数(Fst)在0.0767~0.2586之间,平均为0.1468,表明14.68%的变异来自种群间,85.32%的变异来自种群内。Nei’s遗传距离显著,KS和FJ遗传距离最近(0.2825),遗传相似系数最大(0.7539)；ZJ与JX遗传距离最大(0.4205),遗传相似系数最小(0.6567)。本文研究表明：“鲆优1号”具有明显的表型和遗传特征,与父母本及反交群体比较发生了一定程度的种内和种群间遗传分化,为“鲆优1号”的种质鉴别提供了理论依据。
아평시아국급대서양연안천연포로화양식적주도품충,대기유전자원보호급양식신품충개발구유중요적의의。본문대인공배육적아평양식신품충“평우1호”(ZJ)、기부본한국아평군체(KS)、모본F0750가계(JX)적18개표형성상진행측량,이용SSPS정서진행방차분석화다중비교,발현체장/체관,두장/안경,두장/안간거、안경/안간거,측선린화미기조6개성상여부본혹모본구유현저성차이(p<0.05),가주위감별“평우1호”적표지성표형성상。“평우1호”여모본무현저차이(p>0.05)성상점50%。여부본무현저성차이(p>0.05)성상점33.33%。사선료24개다태성미위성인물대KS、JX、ZJ화FJ적유전다양성진행분석,총공확증출143개등위기인。4개군체적평균등위기인수(Na)대우평균유효등위기인수(Nae),평균관측잡합도대우평균기망잡합도,다태신식함량(PICa)분석현시：KS>JX>FJ>ZJ,설명인공선육도치료유전잡합도적강저。24개미위성위점재4개아평군체중적유전편리지수(D )재-0.7597도0.1884지간,재KS、JX、ZJ화FJ군체중분별유10、16、11화17개위점현저(p<0.05)혹겁현저(p<0.01)편리 Hardy-Weinberg평형。24개기인위점적유전분화계수(Fst)재0.0767~0.2586지간,평균위0.1468,표명14.68%적변이래자충군간,85.32%적변이래자충군내。Nei’s유전거리현저,KS화FJ유전거리최근(0.2825),유전상사계수최대(0.7539)；ZJ여JX유전거리최대(0.4205),유전상사계수최소(0.6567)。본문연구표명：“평우1호”구유명현적표형화유전특정,여부모본급반교군체비교발생료일정정도적충내화충군간유전분화,위“평우1호”적충질감별제공료이론의거。
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)is one of the most popularspecies for fishing and breeding in China and the Atlantic coast,so it is of great importance for the protection of genetic resources and the development of new species.In present study,1 8 phenotypic traits of“Flounder No.1”(ZJ),a newly breeding species of Japa-nese flounder,as well as its male (the Korean Japanese flounder stock,KS)and female parents (F0750 family,JX), were measured.The data were compared by ANOVA and SPSS software.The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05)between “flounder No.1”and its parents regarding 6 traits,e.g.body length/body width,head length/eye diameter,head length/eye spacing,eye diameter/eye spacing,lateral line scales and caudal fin ray which can be used as typical characters for identification of“Flounder No.1”.In“Flounder No.1”, 50% of the traits showed no significant differences (p>0.05)bcompared to its female parent,while the value de-creased to 33.3% between“flounder No.1”and its male parent.A total of 24 microsatellite primers were designed to screen the genetic diversity of KS,JX,ZJ and FJ (reciprocal cross offspring),and 143 alleles were identified.For four populations,KS,JX,ZJ and FJ,their mean allelic number (Na)was higher than the effective mean number of alleles (Nae ),the mean heterozygosity was higher than the predicted value.The polymorphism information content (PICa)showed that KS>JX>FJ>ZJ,indicating that the artificial breeding caused the reduction of the genetic heterozygosity .Among the four populations,the genetic deviation index (D)of 24 above mentioned microsatellite loci ranged from-0.759 7 to 0.188 4.And in KS,JX,ZJ and FJ,10,16,11 and 17 loci were significantly (p<0.05)or extremely (p<0.01)deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,respectively.The genetic-differentia-tion-index (Fst )of 24 loci ranged from 0.076 7 to 0.258 6,with the mean value 0.1468,which suggests that 14.68% of the variations result from the interspecies,while 85.32% are intraspecific variations.Furthermore, there was significant difference for Nei’s genetic distance among four populations.The nearest genetic distance oc-cured between KS and FJ (0.282 5),togehter with the highest genetic similarity coefficient (0.753 9).While the furthest (0.420 5)one was found between ZJ and JX with the lowest (0.656 7)genetic similarity coefficient.In this study,the observation indicated:“flounder No.1”has the obvious phenotypic and genetic characteristics,shows a certain degree of genetic differentiation in intraspecies and interspecies in comparison to its parents and reciprocal cross offspring,which provides the theoretical basis for the germplasm identification of“Flounder No.1”.