CAJ | 학술논문

背景：将种子细胞植入合适的载体支架可以构建具有生物活性及相应功能的组织工程神经桥接物，干细胞与脱细胞异体神经构成的组织工程移植物正成为周围神经长段缺损研究领域的重要移植材料，并已初步显示出良好的应用前景。 　　目的：综述近年来干细胞与脱细胞异体神经支架在周围神经长段缺损中的应用。 　　方法：第一、二作者应用计算机检索1998年1月至2014年2月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库有关干细胞与脱细胞异体神经支架在周围神经长段缺损中应用的文章，英文检索词“stem cel s , peripheral nerve defect, acel ular al ogeneic nerves”；中文检索词“干细胞，周围神经缺损，脱细胞异体神经”。共检索到1013篇相关文献，其中97篇文献符合纳入标准。 　　结果与结论：干细胞因组织损伤后释放的各种趋化因子吸引以及其自身趋化作用聚集到损伤部位，分泌大量的营养物质，促进机体损伤神经功能的修复。干细胞可以在周围环境的诱导和内在分化偏向共同作用下分化并代替人体内损伤或死亡的神经细胞。此外，干细胞联合组织工程材料移植，减少胶质瘢痕的形成也是促进周围神经损伤修复的因素。干细胞可以增强神经突触之间的联系，建立新的神经环路。神经干细胞具有分化为其他神经细胞的潜力，但其分化与调控的确切机制尚不明了。对于如何改善微环境，使更多的干细胞分化为神经元与少突胶质细胞并维持细胞活性尚缺乏有效的方法。故有效的抑制移植早期的免疫排斥反应，应成为研究的重点所在。神经移植后如何提高神经再生速度和质量，维持靶器官的组织结构与功能更需要长期的摸索。
배경：장충자세포식입합괄적재체지가가이구건구유생물활성급상응공능적조직공정신경교접물，간세포여탈세포이체신경구성적조직공정이식물정성위주위신경장단결손연구영역적중요이식재료，병이초보현시출량호적응용전경。 　　목적：종술근년래간세포여탈세포이체신경지가재주위신경장단결손중적응용。 　　방법：제일、이작자응용계산궤검색1998년1월지2014년2월PubMed수거고、중국기간전문수거고유관간세포여탈세포이체신경지가재주위신경장단결손중응용적문장，영문검색사“stem cel s , peripheral nerve defect, acel ular al ogeneic nerves”；중문검색사“간세포，주위신경결손，탈세포이체신경”。공검색도1013편상관문헌，기중97편문헌부합납입표준。 　　결과여결론：간세포인조직손상후석방적각충추화인자흡인이급기자신추화작용취집도손상부위，분비대량적영양물질，촉진궤체손상신경공능적수복。간세포가이재주위배경적유도화내재분화편향공동작용하분화병대체인체내손상혹사망적신경세포。차외，간세포연합조직공정재료이식，감소효질반흔적형성야시촉진주위신경손상수복적인소。간세포가이증강신경돌촉지간적련계，건립신적신경배로。신경간세포구유분화위기타신경세포적잠력，단기분화여조공적학절궤제상불명료。대우여하개선미배경，사경다적간세포분화위신경원여소돌효질세포병유지세포활성상결핍유효적방법。고유효적억제이식조기적면역배척반응，응성위연구적중점소재。신경이식후여하제고신경재생속도화질량，유지파기관적조직결구여공능경수요장기적모색。
BACKGROUND:Transplanting seed cells into suitable vehicle materials can construct tissue-engineered nerve bridging graft with bioactivity and corresponding function. Tissue-engineered nerve bridging graft from stem cells and acellular al ogeneic nerve is becoming a important transplanted substance in the field of long-segment peripheral nerve defects, and has been some promising prospect. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of stem cells and the acellular allogenic acellular nerve scaffold in the peripheral nerve deficit METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI was performed by the authors to retrieve articles concerning stem cells and acellular allogeneic nerves in the repair of long-segmental peripheral nerve defects;published from January 1998 to February 2014. The keywords were“stem cells, peripheral nerve defect, acellular allogeneic nerves”in English and Chinese, respectively. Totally 1013 literatures were retrieved, among which 97 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:First, stem cells converge at the lesion site because of their own chemotaxis and various chemotactic factors released after tissue lesion to secrete a large amount of nutrients that can promote the reparation of the damaged nerve function. Secondly, with the help of the surrounding environment and the intrinsic differentiation bias, stem cells can differentiate and replace the damaged and dead nerve cells. Besides, stem cells transplantation combined with tissue engineering materials can reduce glial scar formation, and promote the repair of peripheral nerve defects. Stem cells can enhance the junction between nerve synapses and create a new neural circuit. Neural stem cells have the potential of differentiating into other nerve cells. However, the differentiation and regulation mechanism is not explicit. There is no effective way to improve the microcirculation in order to turn more stem cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes and maintain the cellular activity. So, the effective inhibition of the immune rejection in early stage after transplantation is the key of our study. After the nerve transplantation, how to improve the speed and quality of the neuranagensis and maintain the tissue structure and function of the target organ needs along way of fumble.