农业科学与技术(英文版)
農業科學與技術(英文版)
농업과학여기술(영문판)
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
2013年
12期
1797-1803
,共7页
赵洪祥%边少锋%彭涛涛%孙宁%闫伟平%冯士成
趙洪祥%邊少鋒%彭濤濤%孫寧%閆偉平%馮士成
조홍상%변소봉%팽도도%손저%염위평%풍사성
氮肥%玉米%氮肥利用
氮肥%玉米%氮肥利用
담비%옥미%담비이용
Nitrogen fertilizer%Maize%Nitrogen use efficiency
[目的]探讨氮肥运筹对雨养条件下玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响,以期为雨养条件下玉米单产进一步突破提供理论依据与技术支撑。[方法]选择先玉335作为试验材料,设置两个播种密度(8.5万株/hm2和9.5万株/hm2)。化肥施用总量一定,磷钾肥作为底肥施入,氮肥按不同比例分期施用,以尿素作为追肥肥料,在拔节期和吐丝期施入。分别于拔节期、吐丝期、吐丝后15 d、吐丝后30 d、吐丝后45 d、吐丝后60 d测量叶、茎、鞘、苞叶、籽粒、穗轴、雄穗和花丝的氮含量。[结果]氮素积累量在吐丝后45 d前后达到最大;高密度有利于氮量积累;植株总氮量与产量呈正相关,高密度下相关系数大;高密度下籽粒氮含量和氮收获指数均与产量呈显著正相关性;吐丝期氮肥比例相对高有利于叶片和穗部(籽粒+苞叶+穗轴)氮素在生育后期的积累及茎鞘氮素的转运,前期氮肥比例大易造成穗部氮代谢延后。氮素吸收高峰在吐丝到吐丝后15 d;吐丝期氮肥比例高的施肥方式提高了生育后期的氮素吸收速率,在较高密度下吸收速率前移。[结论]氮肥施用比例适当后移,对氮肥利用有利;前期氮素累积太多对后期氮素吸收利用有抑制作用。
[目的]探討氮肥運籌對雨養條件下玉米氮素動態變化和氮肥利用的影響,以期為雨養條件下玉米單產進一步突破提供理論依據與技術支撐。[方法]選擇先玉335作為試驗材料,設置兩箇播種密度(8.5萬株/hm2和9.5萬株/hm2)。化肥施用總量一定,燐鉀肥作為底肥施入,氮肥按不同比例分期施用,以尿素作為追肥肥料,在拔節期和吐絲期施入。分彆于拔節期、吐絲期、吐絲後15 d、吐絲後30 d、吐絲後45 d、吐絲後60 d測量葉、莖、鞘、苞葉、籽粒、穗軸、雄穗和花絲的氮含量。[結果]氮素積纍量在吐絲後45 d前後達到最大;高密度有利于氮量積纍;植株總氮量與產量呈正相關,高密度下相關繫數大;高密度下籽粒氮含量和氮收穫指數均與產量呈顯著正相關性;吐絲期氮肥比例相對高有利于葉片和穗部(籽粒+苞葉+穗軸)氮素在生育後期的積纍及莖鞘氮素的轉運,前期氮肥比例大易造成穗部氮代謝延後。氮素吸收高峰在吐絲到吐絲後15 d;吐絲期氮肥比例高的施肥方式提高瞭生育後期的氮素吸收速率,在較高密度下吸收速率前移。[結論]氮肥施用比例適噹後移,對氮肥利用有利;前期氮素纍積太多對後期氮素吸收利用有抑製作用。
[목적]탐토담비운주대우양조건하옥미담소동태변화화담비이용적영향,이기위우양조건하옥미단산진일보돌파제공이론의거여기술지탱。[방법]선택선옥335작위시험재료,설치량개파충밀도(8.5만주/hm2화9.5만주/hm2)。화비시용총량일정,린갑비작위저비시입,담비안불동비례분기시용,이뇨소작위추비비료,재발절기화토사기시입。분별우발절기、토사기、토사후15 d、토사후30 d、토사후45 d、토사후60 d측량협、경、초、포협、자립、수축、웅수화화사적담함량。[결과]담소적루량재토사후45 d전후체도최대;고밀도유리우담량적루;식주총담량여산량정정상관,고밀도하상관계수대;고밀도하자립담함량화담수획지수균여산량정현저정상관성;토사기담비비례상대고유리우협편화수부(자립+포협+수축)담소재생육후기적적루급경초담소적전운,전기담비비례대역조성수부담대사연후。담소흡수고봉재토사도토사후15 d;토사기담비비례고적시비방식제고료생육후기적담소흡수속솔,재교고밀도하흡수속솔전이。[결론]담비시용비례괄당후이,대담비이용유리;전기담소루적태다대후기담소흡수이용유억제작용。
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the nitrogen dynamic changes and nitrogen use efficiency in maize under different nitrogen application patterns. [Method] Maize cultivar Xianyu 335 was selected as the experimental material and was planted at two densities 85 000 and 95 000 plants/hm2. The total amount of fertilizers applied kept constant. The nitrogen content in leaves, stems, sheathes, husks, grains, cobs, tassels and filaments of maize plants in jointing stage, silking stage, 15, 30, 45 and 60 d after silking stage was measured. [Result] Total nitrogen content in maize plant reached the peak around 45 d after silking stage and a higher population was helpful to nitrogen accumulation. Total nitrogen content of maize plant was positively correlated with yield and it got closer in higher popula-tion. Grain nitrogen content and nitrogen harvest index were significantly positively correlated with yield in higher population. High ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in silking stage was beneficial to nitrogen accumulation in leaf and ear, as wel as nitrogen translocation in stem and sheath, but high ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in earlier stage delayed nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen uptake peak was from silking stage to 15 d after silking stage, and nitrogen uptake rate increased high ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was applied in later growth stages and moved forward in higher plant population. [Conclusion] It was advantaged for nitrogen fertilizer efficiency on condition that ni-trogen application was moved backward. Accumulating too much nitrogen in earlier stages inhibited nitrogen uptake in later periods.