中南大学学报(社会科学版)
中南大學學報(社會科學版)
중남대학학보(사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCE)
2014年
1期
108-113
,共6页
避难准入%领海无害通过%国际海事组织%国际船舶标准%船籍国责任承担
避難準入%領海無害通過%國際海事組織%國際船舶標準%船籍國責任承擔
피난준입%령해무해통과%국제해사조직%국제선박표준%선적국책임승담
entry in places of refuge%right of innocent passage through the territorial sea%International Maritime Organization (IMO)%international shipping standards%flag state responsibility
现行国际法体系下,关于遇难船舶是否有权进入沿海国水域避难,难以得出明确结论。国际海事组织在避难地问题上做出了巨大努力,但脱离避难准入权的单纯避难地的存在并不具有实质意义。鉴于绝对的避难准入权与国家主权原则存在直接冲突,遇难船舶避难问题更现实的解决路径是提高国际船舶标准及提倡船籍国承担责任原则,而非创设一种绝对的避难准入权。在国际法上对遇难船舶避难准入缺乏统一标准的大背景下,我国宜采取个案分析的方式,对具有污染威胁的遇难船舶进入我国水域进行适度干预。
現行國際法體繫下,關于遇難船舶是否有權進入沿海國水域避難,難以得齣明確結論。國際海事組織在避難地問題上做齣瞭巨大努力,但脫離避難準入權的單純避難地的存在併不具有實質意義。鑒于絕對的避難準入權與國傢主權原則存在直接遲突,遇難船舶避難問題更現實的解決路徑是提高國際船舶標準及提倡船籍國承擔責任原則,而非創設一種絕對的避難準入權。在國際法上對遇難船舶避難準入缺乏統一標準的大揹景下,我國宜採取箇案分析的方式,對具有汙染威脅的遇難船舶進入我國水域進行適度榦預。
현행국제법체계하,관우우난선박시부유권진입연해국수역피난,난이득출명학결론。국제해사조직재피난지문제상주출료거대노력,단탈리피난준입권적단순피난지적존재병불구유실질의의。감우절대적피난준입권여국가주권원칙존재직접충돌,우난선박피난문제경현실적해결로경시제고국제선박표준급제창선적국승담책임원칙,이비창설일충절대적피난준입권。재국제법상대우난선박피난준입결핍통일표준적대배경하,아국의채취개안분석적방식,대구유오염위협적우난선박진입아국수역진행괄도간예。
Right of entry in places of refuge for distressed vessels is not clear in current international legal system. The International Maritime Organization has made great efforts on this issue. But single places of refuge without right of entry could not essentially solve the problem. Considering the opposition between “absolute right of entry” and“principle of state sovereignty”, the practical solution is to raise international shipping standards and encourage flag state responsibility, rather than establishing absolute right of entry. China should take a case by case style to appropriately intervene the entry of vessels which could bring great pollution.