CAJ | 학술논문

采用田间试验方法研究了控释尿素不同施用条件对冬小麦产量、氮素利用和经济效益的影响。试验共设7个处理，即CK （空白处理，不施氮肥）、100%PU10/0（普通尿素全量基施，N 240 kg·hm-2）、100%PU6/4（60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施，N 240 kg·hm-2）、80%PU6/4（60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施，N 192 kg·hm-2）、100%CRU（全量树脂包膜控释尿素基施，N 240 kg·hm-2）、80%CRU（80%树脂包膜控释尿素基施，N 192 kg·hm-2）和40%CRU+40%PU（40%树脂包膜控释尿素+40%的普通尿素基施，N 192 kg·hm-2）。结果表明，无论是产量效应还是氮素利用效应，树脂包膜控释尿素（CRU）处理总体优于普通尿素（PU）处理，尤其树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素配施（40%CRU+40%PU）效果最佳，以7709 kg·hm-2的产量、36.44%的氮肥吸收利用率、15946元·hm-2的相对净收入达到处理间最高水平。该处理在减少氮素投入量的情况下，不仅促进了冬小麦增产,而且显著提高了肥料的利用率，拥有较高的产投比。因此，树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的配施处理（40%CRU+40%PU）是本试验条件下最优的氮肥处理。
채용전간시험방법연구료공석뇨소불동시용조건대동소맥산량、담소이용화경제효익적영향。시험공설7개처리，즉CK （공백처리，불시담비）、100%PU10/0（보통뇨소전량기시，N 240 kg·hm-2）、100%PU6/4（60%적보통뇨소기시、40%적보통뇨소우발절기추시，N 240 kg·hm-2）、80%PU6/4（60%적보통뇨소기시、40%적보통뇨소우발절기추시，N 192 kg·hm-2）、100%CRU（전량수지포막공석뇨소기시，N 240 kg·hm-2）、80%CRU（80%수지포막공석뇨소기시，N 192 kg·hm-2）화40%CRU+40%PU（40%수지포막공석뇨소+40%적보통뇨소기시，N 192 kg·hm-2）。결과표명，무론시산량효응환시담소이용효응，수지포막공석뇨소（CRU）처리총체우우보통뇨소（PU）처리，우기수지포막공석뇨소화보통뇨소배시（40%CRU+40%PU）효과최가，이7709 kg·hm-2적산량、36.44%적담비흡수이용솔、15946원·hm-2적상대정수입체도처리간최고수평。해처리재감소담소투입량적정황하，불부촉진료동소맥증산,이차현저제고료비료적이용솔，옹유교고적산투비。인차，수지포막공석뇨소화보통뇨소적배시처리（40%CRU+40%PU）시본시험조건하최우적담비처리。
The field trial was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on winter wheat yield, nitrogen utiliza-tion efficiency and economic benefit. 7 treatments were designed as CK(no nitrogen fertilizer applied), 100%PU10/0( conventional urea ap-plied before sowing, N rate was 240 kg·hm-2), 100%PU6/4( conventional urea applied before sowing and at jointing with the ratio of 6:4, N rate was 240 kg·hm-2), 80%PU6/4 (conventional urea applied before sowing and at jointing with the ratio of 6:4, N rate was 192 kg·hm-2), 100%CRU(resin coated controlled release urea applied before sowing , N rate was 240 kg·hm-2), 80%CRU( resin coated controlled release urea applied before sowing , N rate was 192 kg·hm-2), and 40%CRU+40%PU(resin coated controlled release urea and conventional urea ap-plied before sowing , N rate was 192 kg·hm-2). The results showed that no matter on the efficiency of yield or that of nitrogen, resin coated controlled-release urea(CRU)was better when compared with conventional urea(PU). Especially, the combined application treatment (40%CRU+40%PU)was the best with achieving the highest wheat yield of 7 709 kg·hm-2, the highest N fertilizer utilization efficiency of 36.44%and the maximum net income of 15 946 yuan·hm-2. And it could not only increase winter wheat yield with reducing the nitrogen fer-tilizer application, but also improve N fertilizer utilization efficiency and owe the highest ratio of output to input. Therefore, the combined ap-plication of the resin coated controlled-release urea and conventional urea (40%CRU+40%PU)was the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment under the conditions of this experiment.