CAJ | 학술논문

目的：对比分析本院2011年至2012年医院感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性。为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据，以减少耐药性的产生。方法对2011年至2012年送检的标本进行分离，对主要病原菌的构成及其耐药性进行分析。结果2011年至2012年两年的阳性率分别为30.1%和17.2%。2011年前三位病原菌为白色念珠菌，铜绿假单胞菌，肺炎克雷伯菌。构成比分别为16.6%,9.8%,8.7%。2012年前三位病原菌为大肠埃希菌,白色念珠菌，铜绿假单胞菌。构成比分别为13.4%,12.6%,10.7%。革兰阴性杆菌中的大肠埃希菌，铜绿假单胞菌，肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢类抗生素和青霉素类抗生素的耐药率依然是最高的，对喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率有所上升，铜绿假单胞菌对复方新诺明的耐药率接近100%；金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素，红霉素，复方新诺明的耐药率是最高的，对万古霉素的耐药率为0。结论医院感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主，白色念珠菌检出率上升，这与抗生素的不合理使用有关；革兰阴性杆菌和革兰阳性球菌对青霉素类抗生素的耐药率都很高，因此临床要合理使用抗生素，以降低耐药率。
목적：대비분석본원2011년지2012년의원감염병원균적분포급기내약성。위림상합리사용항균약물제공의거，이감소내약성적산생。방법대2011년지2012년송검적표본진행분리，대주요병원균적구성급기내약성진행분석。결과2011년지2012년량년적양성솔분별위30.1%화17.2%。2011년전삼위병원균위백색념주균，동록가단포균，폐염극뢰백균。구성비분별위16.6%,9.8%,8.7%。2012년전삼위병원균위대장애희균,백색념주균，동록가단포균。구성비분별위13.4%,12.6%,10.7%。혁란음성간균중적대장애희균，동록가단포균，폐염극뢰백균대두포류항생소화청매소류항생소적내약솔의연시최고적，대규낙동류항생소적내약솔유소상승，동록가단포균대복방신낙명적내약솔접근100%；금황색포도구균대청매소，홍매소，복방신낙명적내약솔시최고적，대만고매소적내약솔위0。결론의원감염이혁란음성간균위주，백색념주균검출솔상승，저여항생소적불합리사용유관；혁란음성간균화혁란양성구균대청매소류항생소적내약솔도흔고，인차림상요합리사용항생소，이강저내약솔。
Objective to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2012 to provide basis for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics and to reduce the emergence of drug resistance .Methods specimens of 2011-2012 were separated .the distribution of main pathogens and the drug resistance were analyzed. Results the positive rates of samples in 2011 and 2012 were 30.1% and 17.2%. the top three pathogens in 2011 were candida albicans , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae. constituent ratios were 16.6%,9.8% and 8.7%.the top three pathogens in 2012 were e. coli , candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. constituent ratios were 13.4%,12.6%and 10.7%. the resistant rates of e. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporin antibiotics and penicillin of still are the highest. the resistant rates of them to quinolone antibiotics have an upward tendency. the resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cotrimoxazole close to 100%.the resistant rates of staphylococcus aureus to Penicillin, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole are the highest,but the resistant rate to vancomycin is zero.Conclusion the gram-negative bacilli are dominant in the pathogens causing nosocomial infections ,among which the detection rate of candida albicans are increased because of the unrational use of antibiotics. the resistant rates of Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci to Penicillin class of antibiotics are very high. so clinical should reasonable use of antibiotics to reduce resistance.