CAJ | 학술논문

在相同生态、栽培条件下，对相同树龄的福建省40个通过国家、省级审（认、鉴）定的茶树品种进行连续2年的春梢物候期调查、生化成分检测及遗传多样性分析。结果表明，在26个乌龙茶品种中，31%为早生种，46%为中生或中晚生种，23%为晚生种；在14个绿茶品种中，29%为特早生种，7%为晚生种，其余64%为早生或中生种；各品种间存在显著的芽期差异，为生产用种芽期搭配提供了有利条件。参试品种的水浸出物含量为40%~52%，茶多酚9.8%~20.8%，游离氨基酸3.0%~6.8%，咖啡碱2.9%~5.0%，说明各成分含量在品种间具有较大差异。参试的40个品种遗传多样性较丰富，其中早春毫、政和大白茶、霞浦元宵茶和悦茗香4个品种的遗传距离较远，其他36个品种聚类可分为铁观音类群、闽南类群、福鼎大白茶类群和黄旦类群等4类。本研究结果为茶叶生产用种的多样性选择提供了重要的数据参考和理论指导。
재상동생태、재배조건하，대상동수령적복건성40개통과국가、성급심（인、감）정적다수품충진행련속2년적춘소물후기조사、생화성분검측급유전다양성분석。결과표명，재26개오룡다품충중，31%위조생충，46%위중생혹중만생충，23%위만생충；재14개록다품충중，29%위특조생충，7%위만생충，기여64%위조생혹중생충；각품충간존재현저적아기차이，위생산용충아기탑배제공료유리조건。삼시품충적수침출물함량위40%~52%，다다분9.8%~20.8%，유리안기산3.0%~6.8%，가배감2.9%~5.0%，설명각성분함량재품충간구유교대차이。삼시적40개품충유전다양성교봉부，기중조춘호、정화대백다、하포원소다화열명향4개품충적유전거리교원，기타36개품충취류가분위철관음류군、민남류군、복정대백다류군화황단류군등4류。본연구결과위다협생산용충적다양성선택제공료중요적수거삼고화이론지도。
The spring phenophase, biochemical composition and genetic diversity analysis of the 40 tea cultivars with same age, which passed the national and provincial examination or approval from Fujian, were surveyed and identified under the same ecological and cultural condition for two years. The results showed that among the 26 tested oolong tea cultivars, 31% of those were early sprouting cultivars, 23% were late sprouting cultivars and 46%were medium or medium-late sprouting cultivars, among the tested 14 green tea cultivars, 29% of those were extra-early sprouting cultivars, 7% were late sprouting cultivars, and the rest 64% were early or medium sprouting cultivars. Significant differences on bud stage among tea cultivars provided a strong basis for reasonable collocation on bud stage in production. In the tested cultivars, water extracts was from 40%to 52%, tea polyphenols from 9.8%to 20.8%, free amino acids from 3% to 6.8%, and caffeine from 2.9% to 5.0%. The results showed that the contents of each biochemical component among different cultivars had a relatively significant difference. The genetic diversity of tested cultivars was relatively higher, genetic distances of Zaochunhao, Zhenghe-dabaicha, Xiapu-yuanxiaocha, and Yuemingxiang were relatively farther away, and the rest 36 cultivars could be divided into 4 main groups:Tieguanyin type, Minnan type, Fuding-dabaicha type, and Huangdan type. This study provided important data reference and theoretical guidance for diversity of choice in production cultivars.