CAJ | 학술논문

利用2011年10月至2012年9月在象山港水域采集的365尾黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)样本,结合其生物环境的同步调查数据,采用胃含物中饵料生物质量百分比(W%)、个数百分比(N%)和出现频率(F%)分析其饵料生物组成,采用相对重要性指数(IRI)和百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)衡量各饵料生物的重要性；采用空胃率和胃饱满指数分析黄姑鱼的摄食强度；采用选择性指数 Va检验黄姑鱼对某种饵料生物是否具有选择性。研究表明,黄姑鱼的饵料生物共34种,主要摄食虾类,其中巨指长臂虾(Palaemon macrodactylus)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、刺螯鼓虾(Alpheus hoplocheles)和日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)等是黄姑鱼主要的摄食对象。黄姑鱼的摄食强度受季节和体长变化影响,冬季的摄食强度最低；体长大于190 mm 个体的摄食强度较低。此外,性腺发育对摄食强度也存在一定影响。春、秋和冬季黄姑鱼主要以摄食巨指长臂虾、葛氏长臂虾、口虾蛄和日本鼓虾等为食；夏季以巨指长臂虾、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)和中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等为食。体长80~220 mm的黄姑鱼主要以小型虾类为食,而体长大于220 mm的黄姑鱼主要摄食鱼类、口虾蛄等较大个体的饵料生物。选择性指数计算结果显示,巨指长臂虾(选择性指数为0.145,χ2=4.192, P<0.05)、刺螯鼓虾(选择性指数为0.141,χ2=3.957, P<0.05)是其偏好食物,日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)(选择性指数为-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05)则属不易获得食物。结论认为,黄姑鱼在象山港水域有着广泛的食物来源,摄食种类多样,不同季节和体长组的食物组成和摄食强度有所变化,具有独特的食物选择性和摄食习性。建议在今后的黄姑鱼增殖养护工作中,实时监测象山港水域黄姑鱼的种群变化动态,结合港内黄姑鱼饵料生物的分布状况,确定黄姑鱼合理的增殖放流规模和放流地点,以争取最优的生态功效。利用2011年10月至2012年9月在象山港水域採集的365尾黃姑魚(Nibea albiflora)樣本,結閤其生物環境的同步調查數據,採用胃含物中餌料生物質量百分比(W%)、箇數百分比(N%)和齣現頻率(F%)分析其餌料生物組成,採用相對重要性指數(IRI)和百分比相對重要性指數(IRI%)衡量各餌料生物的重要性；採用空胃率和胃飽滿指數分析黃姑魚的攝食彊度；採用選擇性指數 Va檢驗黃姑魚對某種餌料生物是否具有選擇性。研究錶明,黃姑魚的餌料生物共34種,主要攝食蝦類,其中巨指長臂蝦(Palaemon macrodactylus)、葛氏長臂蝦(Palaemon gravieri)、口蝦蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、刺螯鼓蝦(Alpheus hoplocheles)和日本鼓蝦(Alpheus japonicus)等是黃姑魚主要的攝食對象。黃姑魚的攝食彊度受季節和體長變化影響,鼕季的攝食彊度最低；體長大于190 mm 箇體的攝食彊度較低。此外,性腺髮育對攝食彊度也存在一定影響。春、鞦和鼕季黃姑魚主要以攝食巨指長臂蝦、葛氏長臂蝦、口蝦蛄和日本鼓蝦等為食；夏季以巨指長臂蝦、脊尾白蝦(Exopalaemon carinicauda)和中華管鞭蝦(Solenocera crassicornis)等為食。體長80~220 mm的黃姑魚主要以小型蝦類為食,而體長大于220 mm的黃姑魚主要攝食魚類、口蝦蛄等較大箇體的餌料生物。選擇性指數計算結果顯示,巨指長臂蝦(選擇性指數為0.145,χ2=4.192, P<0.05)、刺螯鼓蝦(選擇性指數為0.141,χ2=3.957, P<0.05)是其偏好食物,日本囊對蝦(Marsupenaeus japonicus)(選擇性指數為-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05)則屬不易穫得食物。結論認為,黃姑魚在象山港水域有著廣汎的食物來源,攝食種類多樣,不同季節和體長組的食物組成和攝食彊度有所變化,具有獨特的食物選擇性和攝食習性。建議在今後的黃姑魚增殖養護工作中,實時鑑測象山港水域黃姑魚的種群變化動態,結閤港內黃姑魚餌料生物的分佈狀況,確定黃姑魚閤理的增殖放流規模和放流地點,以爭取最優的生態功效。
이용2011년10월지2012년9월재상산항수역채집적365미황고어(Nibea albiflora)양본,결합기생물배경적동보조사수거,채용위함물중이료생물질량백분비(W%)、개수백분비(N%)화출현빈솔(F%)분석기이료생물조성,채용상대중요성지수(IRI)화백분비상대중요성지수(IRI%)형량각이료생물적중요성；채용공위솔화위포만지수분석황고어적섭식강도；채용선택성지수 Va검험황고어대모충이료생물시부구유선택성。연구표명,황고어적이료생물공34충,주요섭식하류,기중거지장비하(Palaemon macrodactylus)、갈씨장비하(Palaemon gravieri)、구하고(Oratosquilla oratoria)、자오고하(Alpheus hoplocheles)화일본고하(Alpheus japonicus)등시황고어주요적섭식대상。황고어적섭식강도수계절화체장변화영향,동계적섭식강도최저；체장대우190 mm 개체적섭식강도교저。차외,성선발육대섭식강도야존재일정영향。춘、추화동계황고어주요이섭식거지장비하、갈씨장비하、구하고화일본고하등위식；하계이거지장비하、척미백하(Exopalaemon carinicauda)화중화관편하(Solenocera crassicornis)등위식。체장80~220 mm적황고어주요이소형하류위식,이체장대우220 mm적황고어주요섭식어류、구하고등교대개체적이료생물。선택성지수계산결과현시,거지장비하(선택성지수위0.145,χ2=4.192, P<0.05)、자오고하(선택성지수위0.141,χ2=3.957, P<0.05)시기편호식물,일본낭대하(Marsupenaeus japonicus)(선택성지수위-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05)칙속불역획득식물。결론인위,황고어재상산항수역유착엄범적식물래원,섭식충류다양,불동계절화체장조적식물조성화섭식강도유소변화,구유독특적식물선택성화섭식습성。건의재금후적황고어증식양호공작중,실시감측상산항수역황고어적충군변화동태,결합항내황고어이료생물적분포상황,학정황고어합리적증식방류규모화방류지점,이쟁취최우적생태공효。
Wild populations of Nibea albiflora are supplemented by release of hatchery individuals in Xiangshan Bay. There is little information describing the basic biology of N. albiflora, which hinders efforts to improve the supplementation program. We evaluated the diet composition and prey selection of N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay. We collected 365 N. albiflora individuals from Xiangshan Bay between October 2011 and September 2012, and analyzed the stomach contents and the prey species from them. We used dietary prey species percentage in weight, dietary prey species percentage in number, and occurrence frequency of species in stomach content to analyze the organism composition in diets. We used the importance index (IRI) and IRI%to determine the importance of the prey species in diets, used the empty stomach rate and stomach fullness index to evaluate the feeding intensity of fish, and used selection index Va to verify certain species of N. albiflora selection. We identified 34 prey species in the stomachs of N. albiflora, suggesting it was a generalist. Shrimps were the dominant prey groups. At the species level, the main prey items were Palaemon macrodactylus, Palaemon gravieri, Oratosquilla oratori, Alpheus hop-locheles, and Alpheus japonicas. Feeding activity varied seasonally and with ontogeny. The feeding intensity was lowest in winter and in large-sized individuals (>190 mm). Feeding activity was also correlated with gonad matu-ration. The diet composition of N. albiflora was similar in autumn, winter, and spring, consisting primarily of Pa-laemon macrodactylu, Palaemon gravieri, Oratosquilla oratori, and Marsupenaeus japonicas, whereas the diet in summer consisted of Palaemon macrodactylus, Exopalaemon carinicauda, and Solenocera crassicornis. Shrimps were the dominant prey groups of small-sized individuals (80-220 mm), whereas the marine fishes and Oratos-quilla oratori were the dominant prey groups of large-sized individuals (>220 mm). N. albiflora strongly preferred Palaemon macrodactylus (V=0.145, χ2=4.192, P<0.05) and Alpheus hoplocheles (V=0.141, χ2=3.957, P<0.05). Penaeus japonicas was abundant in the environment, but it was negatively selected in the diet (V=-0.174,χ2=6.030, P<0.05) of N. albiflora. The feeding selectivity of N. albiflora was related to the composition and indi-vidual size of food organisms in the environment. To a certain degree, the prey animals’ ability to escape predators and the length of the individual also affected the feeding ecology of N. albiflora individuals. The conclusions im-ply the N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay has abundant feed resources and the prey species are various, and the com-position of prey species and feeding intensity in different season or different body size class are variational, and this species has a unique feed selection and ecology. It suggests that the distribution of prey organism for N. albiflora in Xiangshan Bay should be considered during the selection of releasing scope, releasing season and re-leasing spot for the purpose of conservation and enhancement of this species.