CAJ | 학술논문

象山港地处浙江中部沿海(121°25′?122°03′E,29°05′?29°46′N),港内平均水深20 m左右,最深达55 m。近年来,象山港网箱养殖规模不断增大,陆源污染加重,导致象山港的环境问题日益严重。为了找到象山港网箱养殖环境的有效修复方法及修复效果评价方法,采用海带和龙须菜等大型藻类对象山港中部网箱养殖区进行生境修复,同时应用总DNA提取、PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳分析及克隆、测序和生物信息学分析等方法,研究了网箱养殖区和藻类养殖区沉积环境中细菌群落的特征及其在生境修复过程中的变化。结果表明,象山港网箱养殖区细菌种类丰富,由7个门的细菌组成。生境修复使网箱养殖区细菌多样性有增加趋势,优势种群由放线菌门、海仙菌属和苍白杆菌属的细菌代替了不动杆菌属、嗜氨基杆菌和假单胞菌属的细菌；藻类养殖区由5个门的细菌组成,细菌群落结构相对比较稳定。冗余分析结果显示,氨氮和COD是沉积环境细菌群落结构的主要影响因子,细菌群落结构的好转趋势与化学因子的好转是一致的,这说明采用大型藻类对网箱养殖区环境进行生境修复具有明显的效果,同时可以确定细菌群落结构可作为生境修复效果评价的指标之一。本研究通过科学分析藻类养殖对养殖区环境的影响及评价生境修复的效果,可为实现生态系统调控与管理、以及养殖业的可持续发展提供理论参考依据。
상산항지처절강중부연해(121°25′?122°03′E,29°05′?29°46′N),항내평균수심20 m좌우,최심체55 m。근년래,상산항망상양식규모불단증대,륙원오염가중,도치상산항적배경문제일익엄중。위료조도상산항망상양식배경적유효수복방법급수복효과평개방법,채용해대화룡수채등대형조류대상산항중부망상양식구진행생경수복,동시응용총DNA제취、PCR-변성제도응효전영분석급극륭、측서화생물신식학분석등방법,연구료망상양식구화조류양식구침적배경중세균군락적특정급기재생경수복과정중적변화。결과표명,상산항망상양식구세균충류봉부,유7개문적세균조성。생경수복사망상양식구세균다양성유증가추세,우세충군유방선균문、해선균속화창백간균속적세균대체료불동간균속、기안기간균화가단포균속적세균；조류양식구유5개문적세균조성,세균군락결구상대비교은정。용여분석결과현시,안담화COD시침적배경세균군락결구적주요영향인자,세균군락결구적호전추세여화학인자적호전시일치적,저설명채용대형조류대망상양식구배경진행생경수복구유명현적효과,동시가이학정세균군락결구가작위생경수복효과평개적지표지일。본연구통과과학분석조류양식대양식구배경적영향급평개생경수복적효과,가위실현생태계통조공여관리、이급양식업적가지속발전제공이론삼고의거。
Xianshan Bay (121°25′-122° 03′E, 29°05′-29°46′N) is located in the middle of Zhejiang province along the coast, a long and narrow semi-closed bay with the water area of 1 445 km2, and average water depth of 20 m. In recent years, the scale of aquaculture became larger and larger, and with pollution from land-based source, which made the environment in this bay increasingly deteriorate. During 2009-2011, we expanded the scale of macro-algae culture near the cage area of middle Xiangshan Bay to try to restore the habitat around the areas of cage culture. To assess the response, we measured the characteristics of the bacterial communities in the sediment of cage and algae culture areas using PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning, and se-quencing. The bacterial communities in the sediment environment of the cage culture area consisted primarily of 7 phyla lineages of the domain bacteria. There was an increase in bacterial diversity during restoration and the dominant bacterial group changed from Acinetobacter sp., Aminobacter aminovorans strain EE9, and Pseudomo-nas sp. to the uncultured actinobacterium clone HAHS13.051, Haliea sp. DSW4-37, and Ochrobactrum sp.. The bacterial community in the algal culture area consisted primarily of 5 phyla lineages of the domain bacteria and the structure remained relatively stable. RDA analysis revealed that ammonia and COD are the primary factors influ-encing the variation in bacterial community structure. The improving trend in bacterial communities was consis-tent with improvements in chemical indices. Our results demonstrate that the use of macroalgae to restore the habitat of cage culture areas was effective, and suggest that bacterial community structure can be used as an index to evaluate the effectiveness of habitat restoration.