人民黄河
人民黃河
인민황하
Yellow River
2013年
11期
1-2,5
,共3页
泥沙淤积%蓄清排浑%冲淤平衡%防洪%三门峡水库%黄河
泥沙淤積%蓄清排渾%遲淤平衡%防洪%三門峽水庫%黃河
니사어적%축청배혼%충어평형%방홍%삼문협수고%황하
sedimentation%storing clear water and discharging muddy%equilibrium of silting and scouring%flood control%Sanmenxia Reservoir%Yellow River
三门峡水库是黄河上建设最早的大型水利枢纽工程，分析其功过与经验教训对今后黄河治理开发具有重要意义。分析认为：三门峡水利枢纽规划是错误的，没有考虑水库淤积的“翘尾巴”问题，坝址选择不当；改建是成功的，经过数次改进，摸索和总结出了使水库长期运行的蓄清排浑调度模式，1974-1985年三门峡水库冲淤已达到平衡；三门峡水库对黄河下游发挥了巨大防洪效益，其防洪效益不在于水库调洪，而在于拦沙92亿t、为下游河道减淤约64亿t，平均减淤厚度为3．30 m。三门峡水库成功的运用实践证实了多沙河流水库长期使用的可行性，由于黄河泥沙多，因此除调水调沙增强输沙能力外，还需要通过水库和放淤等措施拦蓄、利用一部分泥沙。
三門峽水庫是黃河上建設最早的大型水利樞紐工程，分析其功過與經驗教訓對今後黃河治理開髮具有重要意義。分析認為：三門峽水利樞紐規劃是錯誤的，沒有攷慮水庫淤積的“翹尾巴”問題，壩阯選擇不噹；改建是成功的，經過數次改進，摸索和總結齣瞭使水庫長期運行的蓄清排渾調度模式，1974-1985年三門峽水庫遲淤已達到平衡；三門峽水庫對黃河下遊髮揮瞭巨大防洪效益，其防洪效益不在于水庫調洪，而在于攔沙92億t、為下遊河道減淤約64億t，平均減淤厚度為3．30 m。三門峽水庫成功的運用實踐證實瞭多沙河流水庫長期使用的可行性，由于黃河泥沙多，因此除調水調沙增彊輸沙能力外，還需要通過水庫和放淤等措施攔蓄、利用一部分泥沙。
삼문협수고시황하상건설최조적대형수리추뉴공정，분석기공과여경험교훈대금후황하치리개발구유중요의의。분석인위：삼문협수리추뉴규화시착오적，몰유고필수고어적적“교미파”문제，패지선택불당；개건시성공적，경과수차개진，모색화총결출료사수고장기운행적축청배혼조도모식，1974-1985년삼문협수고충어이체도평형；삼문협수고대황하하유발휘료거대방홍효익，기방홍효익불재우수고조홍，이재우란사92억t、위하유하도감어약64억t，평균감어후도위3．30 m。삼문협수고성공적운용실천증실료다사하류수고장기사용적가행성，유우황하니사다，인차제조수조사증강수사능력외，환수요통과수고화방어등조시란축、이용일부분니사。
Sanmenxia Reservoir is the first large hydraulic project constructed on the Yellow River. Analyzing its contributions and blunders will make a lesson for the further work on harnessing the river. Serious backwater deposits occurred since the site of reservoir is a wrong choice in project planning. But later on the rebuilding work and operational mode adopted are successful. The operational mode of storing clear water and discharging muddy is a successful one to keep the reservoir operated in long term. The facts that the reservoir deposition and erosion had been in equilibrium from 1974 to 1985 and the extinct effect of reservoir operation on flood control of the lower Yellow River showed the contribution of reservoir recon-struction. The function of flood prevention is not because of the flood detention of reservoir but of the decrease of sediment deposit by 6. 4 billion t in the lower river,i. e. the depth of deposition decreased by 3. 30 m in average caused by detention of sediment 9. 2 billion t in the reservoir. The practice of operation mode of Sanmenxia Reservoir demonstrates the possibility of long term operation of reservoir on laden river. Since the Yellow River has very high concentration besides using the flow and sediment discharge regulation by reservoir to enhance the transport capacity the meas-ures of detention of sediment and desilting deposits by reservoir have to be taken for the retention and utilization of sediment.
