聊城大学学报（社会科学版）
聊城大學學報（社會科學版）
료성대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF LIAOCHENG UNIVERSITY (SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION)
2013年
6期
1-12
,共12页
条约%朝贡%欧美列强%日本%中韩传统关系
條約%朝貢%歐美列彊%日本%中韓傳統關繫
조약%조공%구미렬강%일본%중한전통관계
treaty%tribute%European and American powers,Japan,China and South Korea’s traditional relations
条约与朝贡之紧张关系，洵为理解19世纪末中韩关系近代转型过程之关键。欧美列强及明治日本固然坚持近代条约关系，以排斥与否定中韩传统朝贡关系，其实际外交立场仍依现实利害关系而有所变化。1866年丙寅洋扰之际的法国与1871年辛未洋扰之际的美国，相继否定中韩传统朝贡关系以禁阻清政府干涉，进而以侵略朝鲜行动而予以武力之冲击。至1876年与1882年，明治日本与美国则分别以条约明文有意否定了中韩传统朝贡关系。至1885年以来巨文岛事件之际，英国甚至不惜代纳朝鲜对华朝贡以获取清政府外交支持，俄国亦欲签订协议承认中国宗主权，以保障其在朝鲜利益，日本外务卿井上馨则向李鸿章提交《朝鲜办法八条》，试图承认中韩传统朝贡关系而实现对华合作方针，应可称之为“参入”性利用态度。所谓“条约取代朝贡”说反映到19世纪末中韩关系史，实为复杂曲折之动态进程，有待进一步深入探讨。
條約與朝貢之緊張關繫，洵為理解19世紀末中韓關繫近代轉型過程之關鍵。歐美列彊及明治日本固然堅持近代條約關繫，以排斥與否定中韓傳統朝貢關繫，其實際外交立場仍依現實利害關繫而有所變化。1866年丙寅洋擾之際的法國與1871年辛未洋擾之際的美國，相繼否定中韓傳統朝貢關繫以禁阻清政府榦涉，進而以侵略朝鮮行動而予以武力之遲擊。至1876年與1882年，明治日本與美國則分彆以條約明文有意否定瞭中韓傳統朝貢關繫。至1885年以來巨文島事件之際，英國甚至不惜代納朝鮮對華朝貢以穫取清政府外交支持，俄國亦欲籤訂協議承認中國宗主權，以保障其在朝鮮利益，日本外務卿井上馨則嚮李鴻章提交《朝鮮辦法八條》，試圖承認中韓傳統朝貢關繫而實現對華閤作方針，應可稱之為“參入”性利用態度。所謂“條約取代朝貢”說反映到19世紀末中韓關繫史，實為複雜麯摺之動態進程，有待進一步深入探討。
조약여조공지긴장관계，순위리해19세기말중한관계근대전형과정지관건。구미렬강급명치일본고연견지근대조약관계，이배척여부정중한전통조공관계，기실제외교립장잉의현실리해관계이유소변화。1866년병인양우지제적법국여1871년신미양우지제적미국，상계부정중한전통조공관계이금조청정부간섭，진이이침략조선행동이여이무력지충격。지1876년여1882년，명치일본여미국칙분별이조약명문유의부정료중한전통조공관계。지1885년이래거문도사건지제，영국심지불석대납조선대화조공이획취청정부외교지지，아국역욕첨정협의승인중국종주권，이보장기재조선이익，일본외무경정상형칙향리홍장제교《조선판법팔조》，시도승인중한전통조공관계이실현대화합작방침，응가칭지위“삼입”성이용태도。소위“조약취대조공”설반영도19세기말중한관계사，실위복잡곡절지동태진정，유대진일보심입탐토。
The strained relations between“paying tribute”and“treaty”is the key to understanding the modern transformation process of China and South Korea’s relations in the late 19th century. European and American powers and Meiji Japan insists on the modern treaty relations to reject and deny the traditional tribunary relations between China and South Korea. Their actual diplomatic position still varies according to the real interest relations. France at the time of 1866 and the US at the time of 1871 rejected in succession the traditional tribunary relations between China and South Korea to inhibit the intervention of the Qing Dynasty and then used force to invade Korea. In 1876 and 1882 respectively, Meiji Japan and the US rejected the tradtional tribunary relations between China and South Korea by a treaty. At the time of Port Hamilton incident in 1885, Britain aimed to get support from the Qing Dysnasty at the expense of paying tribute to China for Korea. Russian also wanted to sign a treaty to approve of China’s suzerainty to ensure its interests in Korea. Japan’s foreign minister Inoue Kaoru submitted Eight Clauses on Korea to Li Hongzhang in an attempt to admit the China and South Korea’s tribunary relations and realize cooperation with China. This can be called the“participation”attitude. The so-called“ treaty replacing tribute”proposal showed the history of China and South Korea’s relations in the late 19th century. This is a complex and dynamic process and waits to be explored further.
