CAJ | 학술논문

背景：当前应用广泛的骨缺损修复方式主要有自体骨移植、异体骨移植和人工骨移植，人工骨移植可避免患者自身取材的痛苦和并发症及同种异体骨免疫排斥的危险。目的：综述近几年来国内外常用的几种人工骨材料的研究进展情况。方法：应用计算机检索2007至2013年中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed 数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、FMJS 数据库中有关人工骨材料的研究。中文检索词为“人工骨，材料，骨缺损，骨移植”，英文检索词为“artificial bone，material，bone defect，bone graft”。结果与结论：目前常用的人工骨材料有天然高分子材料、人工合成高分子、无机材料、纳米材料。理想的骨移植替代物应该具备以下条件：良好的生物相容性；局部形成微酸性生物环境；利于血管和成骨细胞长入；可完全生物降解；兼具骨生成性、骨传导性和骨诱导性。生物蛋白胶降解及组织相容性较好，且可塑形，但强度较差，以后研究方向主要为加强其强度。人工合成及无机材料强度及支架作用较好，但组织相容性较差，提高其组织相容性很重要。纳米材料为较合适的人工骨材料。目前应用于骨组织工程研究的人工骨材料均有各自的长处和不足，尚不能同时满足理想的骨组织工程细胞外基质材料各方面的要求，而且在生物学和力学特性上与天然骨有差异，故将多种类型材料复合并进行结构和功能修饰，是研制理想骨缺损修复材料的方向。
배경：당전응용엄범적골결손수복방식주요유자체골이식、이체골이식화인공골이식，인공골이식가피면환자자신취재적통고화병발증급동충이체골면역배척적위험。목적：종술근궤년래국내외상용적궤충인공골재료적연구진전정황。방법：응용계산궤검색2007지2013년중국기간전문수거고、PubMed 수거고、중국생물의학문헌수거고、FMJS 수거고중유관인공골재료적연구。중문검색사위“인공골，재료，골결손，골이식”，영문검색사위“artificial bone，material，bone defect，bone graft”。결과여결론：목전상용적인공골재료유천연고분자재료、인공합성고분자、무궤재료、납미재료。이상적골이식체대물응해구비이하조건：량호적생물상용성；국부형성미산성생물배경；리우혈관화성골세포장입；가완전생물강해；겸구골생성성、골전도성화골유도성。생물단백효강해급조직상용성교호，차가소형，단강도교차，이후연구방향주요위가강기강도。인공합성급무궤재료강도급지가작용교호，단조직상용성교차，제고기조직상용성흔중요。납미재료위교합괄적인공골재료。목전응용우골조직공정연구적인공골재료균유각자적장처화불족，상불능동시만족이상적골조직공정세포외기질재료각방면적요구，이차재생물학화역학특성상여천연골유차이，고장다충류형재료복합병진행결구화공능수식，시연제이상골결손수복재료적방향。
BACKGROUND:The current widely used methods of bone defect repair mainly include bone autograft, alograft and artificial bone transplantation. Artificial bone graft can avoid the pain resulting from taking patients’ own materials, complications and risk of alograft immune rejection. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in some commonly used artificial bone materials worldwide in recent years. METHODS:A computer-based search was performed in China Journal Ful-Text Database, PubMed database, China Biology Medicine Database and FMJS database to retrieve the papers concerning artificial bone materials published from 2007 to 2013. The keywords were “artificial bone, material, bone defect, bone graft” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The current commonly used artificial bone materials are natural polymer materials, synthetic polymer, inorganic material and nanometer material. The ideal bone graft substitutes should have the folowing conditions: good biocompatibility; local formation of acidic biological environment, good for the ingrowth of blood vessels and osteoblasts; complete biodegradation; osteogenesis, bone conduction and bone induction. Biological fibrin glue has good degradation and histocompatibility that can be shaped, but its strength is poor. The future research direction mainly focuses to reinforce its strength. Synthetic and inorganic materials have good strength and support role, but the histocompatibility is poor, for which, it is very important to improve the histocompatibility. Nanometer material is a suitable artificial bone material. Currently used artificial bone materials in bone tissue engineering research al have their respective advantages and disadvantages. They cannot satisfy the requirements of ideal bone tissue engineering extracelular matrix materials at the same time, and they have differences in the biological peculiarity and mechanical peculiarity with natural bone. Therefore, compositing the various types of materials with structure and function modification is the direction of developing ideal bone defect repair materials.