生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
11期
1790-1794
,共5页
朱文达%曹坳程%颜冬冬%李林%刘晓燕%郭章碧
硃文達%曹坳程%顏鼕鼕%李林%劉曉燕%郭章碧
주문체%조요정%안동동%리림%류효연%곽장벽
紫茎泽兰%光照强度%营养生长%生殖生长%混交林
紫莖澤蘭%光照彊度%營養生長%生殖生長%混交林
자경택란%광조강도%영양생장%생식생장%혼교림
Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng%light intensity%vegetative growth%reproductive growth%mixed forest plantation
外来植物紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)入侵我国西南地区并造成了严重的生态灾难，通过研究不同林木种群下紫茎泽兰的生长特性和发生规律，有助于从生态学角度为紫茎泽兰的综合防控提供事实依据。我们分别于2009、2011和2012年在西昌袁家山上开展了不同人工林木群落下紫茎泽兰营养生长和生殖生长特性的调查。调查研究的结果表明，阔叶林(青冈林)、阔叶针叶混交林(油茶柏树混交林)和阔叶混交林(油茶青冈混交林)下光照强度显著低于两种针叶林(落叶松林和柏树林)和空旷地，光照强度较空旷地减少率均在90%以上。空旷地紫茎泽兰的发生密度可达到111~218株·m-2，两种针叶林(落叶松林和柏树林)对紫茎泽兰的发生表现出一定的抑制作用，抑制率能达到46.2%~77.1%。油茶柏树混交林和青冈林下紫茎泽兰只有零星发生，对紫茎泽兰发生抑制率3年均在90%以上，而在油茶青冈混交林下未发现有紫茎泽兰发生。空旷地紫茎泽兰株高和分枝数均要显著高于其他人工林木群落，单株株高可达160.5~180.3 cm，单株分枝数达到14.9~17.4，其中两种针叶林下紫茎泽兰的株高和分枝数要显著高于两种混交林和青冈林，株高达到59.5~113.4 cm，单株分枝数为6.4~14.8。此外种植人工林木也显著抑制了紫茎泽兰的开花结实，空旷地紫茎泽兰单株种子量能达到8314~15410粒，两种针叶林(落叶松林和柏树林)下紫茎泽兰单株种子发生量为1330~4666.3粒，而两种混交林和青冈林下紫茎泽兰只有零星开花或不开花结实。相关性分析结果显示，光照强度的大小与紫茎泽兰的发生密度、株高、分枝数、单株花苞数、单株种子数都呈显著正相关，即光照强度显著影响着紫茎泽兰的发生密度、生长以及开花结实。阔叶林下光照强度的减弱是导致紫茎泽兰发生量减少原因之一。开展植树造林，采用种植青冈林、油茶青冈、油茶柏树混交林等阔叶混栽的方式对紫茎泽兰的发生不仅能起到显著的生态控制效果，而且能绿化荒山，给农民带来经济效益。
外來植物紫莖澤蘭(Eupatorium adenophorum)入侵我國西南地區併造成瞭嚴重的生態災難，通過研究不同林木種群下紫莖澤蘭的生長特性和髮生規律，有助于從生態學角度為紫莖澤蘭的綜閤防控提供事實依據。我們分彆于2009、2011和2012年在西昌袁傢山上開展瞭不同人工林木群落下紫莖澤蘭營養生長和生殖生長特性的調查。調查研究的結果錶明，闊葉林(青岡林)、闊葉針葉混交林(油茶柏樹混交林)和闊葉混交林(油茶青岡混交林)下光照彊度顯著低于兩種針葉林(落葉鬆林和柏樹林)和空曠地，光照彊度較空曠地減少率均在90%以上。空曠地紫莖澤蘭的髮生密度可達到111~218株·m-2，兩種針葉林(落葉鬆林和柏樹林)對紫莖澤蘭的髮生錶現齣一定的抑製作用，抑製率能達到46.2%~77.1%。油茶柏樹混交林和青岡林下紫莖澤蘭隻有零星髮生，對紫莖澤蘭髮生抑製率3年均在90%以上，而在油茶青岡混交林下未髮現有紫莖澤蘭髮生。空曠地紫莖澤蘭株高和分枝數均要顯著高于其他人工林木群落，單株株高可達160.5~180.3 cm，單株分枝數達到14.9~17.4，其中兩種針葉林下紫莖澤蘭的株高和分枝數要顯著高于兩種混交林和青岡林，株高達到59.5~113.4 cm，單株分枝數為6.4~14.8。此外種植人工林木也顯著抑製瞭紫莖澤蘭的開花結實，空曠地紫莖澤蘭單株種子量能達到8314~15410粒，兩種針葉林(落葉鬆林和柏樹林)下紫莖澤蘭單株種子髮生量為1330~4666.3粒，而兩種混交林和青岡林下紫莖澤蘭隻有零星開花或不開花結實。相關性分析結果顯示，光照彊度的大小與紫莖澤蘭的髮生密度、株高、分枝數、單株花苞數、單株種子數都呈顯著正相關，即光照彊度顯著影響著紫莖澤蘭的髮生密度、生長以及開花結實。闊葉林下光照彊度的減弱是導緻紫莖澤蘭髮生量減少原因之一。開展植樹造林，採用種植青岡林、油茶青岡、油茶柏樹混交林等闊葉混栽的方式對紫莖澤蘭的髮生不僅能起到顯著的生態控製效果，而且能綠化荒山，給農民帶來經濟效益。
외래식물자경택란(Eupatorium adenophorum)입침아국서남지구병조성료엄중적생태재난，통과연구불동림목충군하자경택란적생장특성화발생규률，유조우종생태학각도위자경택란적종합방공제공사실의거。아문분별우2009、2011화2012년재서창원가산상개전료불동인공림목군락하자경택란영양생장화생식생장특성적조사。조사연구적결과표명，활협림(청강림)、활협침협혼교림(유다백수혼교림)화활협혼교림(유다청강혼교림)하광조강도현저저우량충침협림(락협송림화백수림)화공광지，광조강도교공광지감소솔균재90%이상。공광지자경택란적발생밀도가체도111~218주·m-2，량충침협림(락협송림화백수림)대자경택란적발생표현출일정적억제작용，억제솔능체도46.2%~77.1%。유다백수혼교림화청강림하자경택란지유령성발생，대자경택란발생억제솔3년균재90%이상，이재유다청강혼교림하미발현유자경택란발생。공광지자경택란주고화분지수균요현저고우기타인공림목군락，단주주고가체160.5~180.3 cm，단주분지수체도14.9~17.4，기중량충침협림하자경택란적주고화분지수요현저고우량충혼교림화청강림，주고체도59.5~113.4 cm，단주분지수위6.4~14.8。차외충식인공림목야현저억제료자경택란적개화결실，공광지자경택란단주충자량능체도8314~15410립，량충침협림(락협송림화백수림)하자경택란단주충자발생량위1330~4666.3립，이량충혼교림화청강림하자경택란지유령성개화혹불개화결실。상관성분석결과현시，광조강도적대소여자경택란적발생밀도、주고、분지수、단주화포수、단주충자수도정현저정상관，즉광조강도현저영향착자경택란적발생밀도、생장이급개화결실。활협림하광조강도적감약시도치자경택란발생량감소원인지일。개전식수조림，채용충식청강림、유다청강、유다백수혼교림등활협혼재적방식대자경택란적발생불부능기도현저적생태공제효과，이차능녹화황산，급농민대래경제효익。
Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng is one of the worst invasive alien plants into China. It brings great harm to the ecological environment in the Southwest of China. Occurrence and growth of E. adenophorum in different forest communities were evaluated in order to provide integrate strategies on ecology control of E. adenophorum. The growth characteristics of E. adenophorum in vegetative and reproductive periods under different manmade forest communities were investigated in the year 2009, 2011 and 2012. The results indicated that light intensity of E. adenophorum in broadleaved forest, broadleaved-needle mixed forest and broadleaved mixed forest were significantly lower than needle-leaved forest and bare land, and light intensity was decreased by 90%compared to bare land. Density of E. adenophorum in bare land was 111~218 plants·m-2 and the quantity E. adenophorum in needle-leaved forest was inhibited compared to bare land and the inhibition rate ranged from 46.2%~77.1%. The inhibitory effect was also observed in broadleaved forest, broadleaved-needle mixed forest and broadleaved mixed forest and the inhibition rate reached above 90%during the last three years. Plant height and branches in needle-leaved forest were significantly higher than two kinds of mixed forests and broadleaved forest, but lower than bare land. Moreover, the quantity of buds and seeds of E. adenophorum under different manmade forests was also inhibited compared to bare land. Seed quantity in bare land ranged from 8 314~15 410 per plant, which was 1 330~4 666.3 in needle-leaved forest. Few buds were observed in broadleaved, broadleaved-needle mixed and broadleaved mixed forest. A positive correlation was observed between light intensity and density, plant height, branches, buds and seeds of E. adenophorum. Light could be an important factor affecting the growth and distribution of E. adenophorum. Ecological control of E. adenophorum by mixed plantation of broadleaved forest not only provides good efficacy, but also brings direct economic benefits to farmers.
