CAJ | 학술논문

转 Bt+CpTI基因棉因其具有强有效的杀虫性能，近年来种植面积不断扩大，其种植对土壤生态系统的影响是环境风险评价的重要组成部分。本研究以转基因双抗虫棉sGK321和亲本同源常规棉石远321为研究对象，通过比较分析了不同生育期（苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期）转双价基因棉与其非转基因棉亲本在大田条件下种植13年后，根围土壤酶活性（脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶）变化和土壤可培养微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌）数量的变化。结果表明，转双价棉与常规棉根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌数量随生育进程的推进变化趋势一致。土壤细菌和放线菌数量在同一时期均无显著差异；土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和土壤真菌数量在一些时期差异明显，转双价棉脲酶苗期、碱性磷酸酶苗期和蕾期，土壤可培养真菌数量花铃期低于常规棉，土壤过氧化氢酶苗期、碱性磷酸酶花铃期高于同源常规棉。聚类分析表明，土壤酶活性和土壤微生物种群数量变化主要受生育期的影响，而转双价 Bt+CpTI种植对土壤酶活性和微生物影响是有限的。
전 Bt+CpTI기인면인기구유강유효적살충성능，근년래충식면적불단확대，기충식대토양생태계통적영향시배경풍험평개적중요조성부분。본연구이전기인쌍항충면sGK321화친본동원상규면석원321위연구대상，통과비교분석료불동생육기（묘기、뢰기、화령기、토서기）전쌍개기인면여기비전기인면친본재대전조건하충식13년후，근위토양매활성（뇨매、감성린산매、과양화경매）변화화토양가배양미생물（세균、진균、방선균）수량적변화。결과표명，전쌍개면여상규면근제토양뇨매、과양화경매화감성린산매활성이급토양가배양세균、진균、방선균수량수생육진정적추진변화추세일치。토양세균화방선균수량재동일시기균무현저차이；토양뇨매、과양화경매、감성린산매화토양진균수량재일사시기차이명현，전쌍개면뇨매묘기、감성린산매묘기화뢰기，토양가배양진균수량화령기저우상규면，토양과양화경매묘기、감성린산매화령기고우동원상규면。취류분석표명，토양매활성화토양미생물충군수량변화주요수생육기적영향，이전쌍개 Bt+CpTI충식대토양매활성화미생물영향시유한적。
Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important part of environmental risk assessment. Using transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental homologous conventional cotton Shiyuan 321 as the study objects, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase) of the rhizosphere soil and changes in the number of culturable microor-ganisms (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) at different growth stages (seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage, and bol opening stage) of sGK321 and Shiyuan 321 under the condition of 13 years field plantings. The results showed that, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete and the soil enzyme activi-ties of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase had a similar variation trend along with the cotton growing process for transgenic cotton and conventional cotton. Some occasional and inconsistent effects on soil enzyme activities and soil fungi composi-tion in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton were found at the seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage as compared with that of conventional cotton. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different during a certain stage; however, the activities of urease, catalase, alkaline phos-phatase, also with the number of fungi were significantly different, e.g. the urease activities at seedling stage, the alkaline phosphatase at seedling and budding stages, and the soil culturable fungi at flower and bol stage were less than that of conven-tional cotton, while the soil alkaline phosphatase activities at flower and bol stage were higher. Cluster analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and microbial popu-lation changed mainly along the growth processes, suffering little from the planting of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton.