农业资源与环境学报
農業資源與環境學報
농업자원여배경학보
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
2013年
6期
91-95
,共5页
罗付香%林超文%涂仕华%庞良玉%张建华%罗春燕%朱波%朱永群
囉付香%林超文%塗仕華%龐良玉%張建華%囉春燕%硃波%硃永群
라부향%림초문%도사화%방량옥%장건화%라춘연%주파%주영군
氮肥形态%覆盖%土壤%养分流失
氮肥形態%覆蓋%土壤%養分流失
담비형태%복개%토양%양분류실
nitrogenous fertilizer modality%mulching%soil%nutrient loss
为了明确氮肥形态对土壤养分流失通量及途径的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,利用模拟径流小区观测的方法,研究在地膜覆盖与不覆盖情况下氮肥形态对坡耕地雨季土壤养分流失通量及途径的影响。研究结果表明:壤中流氮、磷和钾的流失量分别占总径流流失量的71.30%、6.36%和8.85%,说明磷和钾流失的主要途径是地表径流,而氮流失的主要途径是壤中流,地膜覆盖降低酰胺态氮肥和缓控释肥处理氮素流失量,其中酰胺态氮肥处理地膜覆盖较不覆盖壤中流氮流失浓度和径流氮素流失量分别降低40.40%和29.32%。在无覆盖条件下,各处理径流氮素流失顺序表现为:酰胺态氮肥>铵态氮肥>缓控释肥>硝态氮肥,施用硝态氮肥氮素流失量最低,较施用酰胺态氮肥氮素流失少40.86%。在地膜覆盖条件下,各处理径流中氮素流失顺序表现为:铵态氮肥>酰胺态氮肥>硝态氮肥>缓控释肥,施用缓控释肥氮素流失量最低,较施用铵态氮肥氮素流失少59.60%。结果表明在四川紫色丘陵区为了有效控制水土养分流失,在肥料形态的选择上,以无覆盖条件下施用硝态氮肥较好,以地膜覆盖条件下施用缓控释肥较好。
為瞭明確氮肥形態對土壤養分流失通量及途徑的影響,採用隨機區組試驗設計,利用模擬徑流小區觀測的方法,研究在地膜覆蓋與不覆蓋情況下氮肥形態對坡耕地雨季土壤養分流失通量及途徑的影響。研究結果錶明:壤中流氮、燐和鉀的流失量分彆佔總徑流流失量的71.30%、6.36%和8.85%,說明燐和鉀流失的主要途徑是地錶徑流,而氮流失的主要途徑是壤中流,地膜覆蓋降低酰胺態氮肥和緩控釋肥處理氮素流失量,其中酰胺態氮肥處理地膜覆蓋較不覆蓋壤中流氮流失濃度和徑流氮素流失量分彆降低40.40%和29.32%。在無覆蓋條件下,各處理徑流氮素流失順序錶現為:酰胺態氮肥>銨態氮肥>緩控釋肥>硝態氮肥,施用硝態氮肥氮素流失量最低,較施用酰胺態氮肥氮素流失少40.86%。在地膜覆蓋條件下,各處理徑流中氮素流失順序錶現為:銨態氮肥>酰胺態氮肥>硝態氮肥>緩控釋肥,施用緩控釋肥氮素流失量最低,較施用銨態氮肥氮素流失少59.60%。結果錶明在四川紫色丘陵區為瞭有效控製水土養分流失,在肥料形態的選擇上,以無覆蓋條件下施用硝態氮肥較好,以地膜覆蓋條件下施用緩控釋肥較好。
위료명학담비형태대토양양분류실통량급도경적영향,채용수궤구조시험설계,이용모의경류소구관측적방법,연구재지막복개여불복개정황하담비형태대파경지우계토양양분류실통량급도경적영향。연구결과표명:양중류담、린화갑적류실량분별점총경류류실량적71.30%、6.36%화8.85%,설명린화갑류실적주요도경시지표경류,이담류실적주요도경시양중류,지막복개강저선알태담비화완공석비처리담소류실량,기중선알태담비처리지막복개교불복개양중류담류실농도화경류담소류실량분별강저40.40%화29.32%。재무복개조건하,각처리경류담소류실순서표현위:선알태담비>안태담비>완공석비>초태담비,시용초태담비담소류실량최저,교시용선알태담비담소류실소40.86%。재지막복개조건하,각처리경류중담소류실순서표현위:안태담비>선알태담비>초태담비>완공석비,시용완공석비담소류실량최저,교시용안태담비담소류실소59.60%。결과표명재사천자색구릉구위료유효공제수토양분류실,재비료형태적선택상,이무복개조건하시용초태담비교호,이지막복개조건하시용완공석비교호。
In order to discuss the effects of nitrogen forms on soil nutrient loss fluxes and approach, we used randomized block experiment de-sign, under simulated runoff observation method to study the effect of nitrogen forms and mulching on soil nutrient loss fluxes and approach in slope land. The results showed that the interflow loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 71.30%,6.36%and 8.85%respectively of the total runoff. It indicated that the main way of phosphorus and potassium loss in the runoff was surface runoff, but the main way of nitrogen loss in the runoff was interflow. The nitrogen loss of amide nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer was reduced by plastic mulching, the interflow nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loss quantity of amide nitrogen fertilizer by plastic mulching was reduced 40.40%and 29.32%compared with no mulching. On no mulching, the total nitrogen loss of runoff was given as follows:amide nitrogen fertilizer>ammonium nitro-gen fertilizer>controlled release fertilizer>nitrate fertilizer ,the nitrogen loss was minimum by nitrate nitrogen fertilizer on no mulching, it was 40.86%fewer than that of using amide nitrogen fertilizer. On plastic mulching, the total nitrogen of runoff was given as follows:ammonium ni-trogen fertilizer>amide nitrogen fertilizer>nitrate fertilizer>controlled release fertilizer, the nitrogen loss was minimum by slow controlled re-lease fertilizer on plastic film mulching conditions, it was 59.60%fewer than that of using ammonium fertilizer. In order to effectively control water and soil nutrient loss of purple hilly area in Sichuan Province, we recommend using nitrate nitrogen in bare soil conditions and using controlled release fertilizer in the plastic mulching conditions .