哈尔滨工程大学学报
哈爾濱工程大學學報
합이빈공정대학학보
JOURNAL OF HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY
2014年
1期
135-140
,共6页
生态整体论%生态还原论%生态进化
生態整體論%生態還原論%生態進化
생태정체론%생태환원론%생태진화
ecological holism%ecological reductionism%ecological evolution
浪漫主义对大自然的爱的呼唤促成了生态整体思想的萌芽,而群落超级有机体范式则构筑了现代生态学的逻辑起点。它们实现了生态学与机体哲学的融合,并为盖娅理论的产生作了铺垫。但是,由于生态整体论具有浓厚的形而上学色彩,使得它不断遭受来自还原论的质疑:生态系统是否是具有本体论地位的最基本单元,群落的形成是竞争的结果还是随机的组合等。正是整体论与还原论之间的这种相互辩驳、修正使得生态理论呈现出螺旋式的上升与发展。这种逻辑几乎贯穿了生态学历史的全部。尽管它们之间的分歧还没有得到有效解决,但生态思想的逻辑归宿最终只能是多层次的进化整体论。
浪漫主義對大自然的愛的呼喚促成瞭生態整體思想的萌芽,而群落超級有機體範式則構築瞭現代生態學的邏輯起點。它們實現瞭生態學與機體哲學的融閤,併為蓋婭理論的產生作瞭鋪墊。但是,由于生態整體論具有濃厚的形而上學色綵,使得它不斷遭受來自還原論的質疑:生態繫統是否是具有本體論地位的最基本單元,群落的形成是競爭的結果還是隨機的組閤等。正是整體論與還原論之間的這種相互辯駁、脩正使得生態理論呈現齣螺鏇式的上升與髮展。這種邏輯幾乎貫穿瞭生態學歷史的全部。儘管它們之間的分歧還沒有得到有效解決,但生態思想的邏輯歸宿最終隻能是多層次的進化整體論。
랑만주의대대자연적애적호환촉성료생태정체사상적맹아,이군락초급유궤체범식칙구축료현대생태학적라집기점。타문실현료생태학여궤체철학적융합,병위개아이론적산생작료포점。단시,유우생태정체론구유농후적형이상학색채,사득타불단조수래자환원론적질의:생태계통시부시구유본체론지위적최기본단원,군락적형성시경쟁적결과환시수궤적조합등。정시정체론여환원론지간적저충상호변박、수정사득생태이론정현출라선식적상승여발전。저충라집궤호관천료생태학역사적전부。진관타문지간적분기환몰유득도유효해결,단생태사상적라집귀숙최종지능시다층차적진화정체론。
If the germination of ecological holism was boosted by ethos of Romanticism's loving nature, the paradigm of superorganismic'community would build the logical starting point of modern ecology.They have realized the integration of ecology and organic philosophy,which paved the way for Gaia theory.Due to its strong metaphysical tendency,ecological holism has been suffering criticisms from reductionism,for exam-ple,the question of whether ecosystem as the fundamental unit can possess ontological status,the reason that communities can be explained fully in terms of interspecific competition or random colonization.It was the controversy and correction between holism and reductionism that has made ecology show a spiral progress, which became logical thread of ecology.Although the holism-reductionism dispute has not been effectively resolved,the object ecology attaining eventually will be multi-level evolutionism.