CAJ | 학술논문

为了提高土壤养分利用率，保护农田生态环境。以山东寿光种植番茄的大棚土壤为材料，研究了优化施肥下番茄根际与非根际土壤养分及酶活性的变化。结果表明，有机肥8 t/hm2＋秸秆4 t/hm2，生育期追施150 kg/hm2化学氮肥处理是较优的施肥模式，宜在实践中推荐运用。番茄根际中土壤有机质平均含量要高于非根际，而土壤速效磷含量低于非根际，碱解氮与速效钾在根际与非根际中差异不大。试验同时表明，脲酶和蔗糖酶对施肥影响比较敏感，其次是脱氢酶和磷酸酶，而过氧化氢酶则不敏感。番茄长期连作对多数土壤酶活性产生抑制作用。其中，对脱氢酶和磷酸酶影响较大，其次是脲酶和蔗糖酶，而对过氧化氢酶影响小。相关分析表明，土壤有机质是影响其他养分因子和土壤酶活性的关键因素，须采取各种有效措施增加土壤有机质含量，有利于改善作物生长环境，防治土壤质量退化。
위료제고토양양분이용솔，보호농전생태배경。이산동수광충식번가적대붕토양위재료，연구료우화시비하번가근제여비근제토양양분급매활성적변화。결과표명，유궤비8 t/hm2＋갈간4 t/hm2，생육기추시150 kg/hm2화학담비처리시교우적시비모식，의재실천중추천운용。번가근제중토양유궤질평균함량요고우비근제，이토양속효린함량저우비근제，감해담여속효갑재근제여비근제중차이불대。시험동시표명，뇨매화자당매대시비영향비교민감，기차시탈경매화린산매，이과양화경매칙불민감。번가장기련작대다수토양매활성산생억제작용。기중，대탈경매화린산매영향교대，기차시뇨매화자당매，이대과양화경매영향소。상관분석표명，토양유궤질시영향기타양분인자화토양매활성적관건인소，수채취각충유효조시증가토양유궤질함량，유리우개선작물생장배경，방치토양질량퇴화。
In order to improve the soil nutrient use efficiency and protect the farmland ecological environment , soil nutrient and enzyme activity in tomato rhizosphere and non hizosphere under optimized fertilization conditions were studied by taking Greenhouse soils as research materials in Shouguang ,Shandong Province .The results indica-ted that the treatment of 8 t/ha of organic fertilizer plus 4 t/ha of straw ,and 150 kg/ha of chemical nitrogen added in tomato growth period was the better fertilization mode ,and should be recommended appropriately in practice .The average content of soil organic matter in tomato rhizosphere was higher than that of non rhizosphere .However ,soil a-vailable phosphorus content was on the contrary , and available nitrogen and available potassium were with little difference in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere .The test also indicated that urease and sucrase were more sensitive to fertilization than dehydrogenase and phosphatase ,and catalase was not sensitive to fertilization .Continuous planting of tomato in Greenhouse field inhibit most soil enzymatic activities .Among which , the influence on dehydrogenase and phosphatase was greater than urease and sucrase ,and a little effect on catalase.Correlation analysis indicated that soil organic matter was a key factor affecting other soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities .Accordingly ,various effective measures should be taken to increase soil organic matter content ,to improve the crop growth environment and prevent soil quality from degradation .