CAJ | 학술논문

钢轨不规则的几何外形造成超声检测时缺陷信号难以准确提取。根据多元高斯声束理论，结合轨头的几何参数及声学性能、探头及耦合剂的特性参数，建立了超声波在轨头内传播的多元高斯声束模型，以此研究不同探头频率、晶片直径下轨头区的声场分布规律，探求入射角、踏面曲率对声场的影响，并分析各情况下探头的有效检测区域；基于建立的轨头内多元高斯声束模型，结合基尔霍夫近似获得的散射模型，建立超声测量模型，实现轨头内缺陷响应的回波预测。通过对轨头内的横通孔进行模型预测与实验检测，两信号主体部位的峰值峰位均良好吻合，验证了该方法的有效性，研究成果对钢轨超声检测工艺有积极的理论指导意义。
강궤불규칙적궤하외형조성초성검측시결함신호난이준학제취。근거다원고사성속이론，결합궤두적궤하삼수급성학성능、탐두급우합제적특성삼수，건립료초성파재궤두내전파적다원고사성속모형，이차연구불동탐두빈솔、정편직경하궤두구적성장분포규률，탐구입사각、답면곡솔대성장적영향，병분석각정황하탐두적유효검측구역；기우건립적궤두내다원고사성속모형，결합기이곽부근사획득적산사모형，건립초성측량모형，실현궤두내결함향응적회파예측。통과대궤두내적횡통공진행모형예측여실험검측，량신호주체부위적봉치봉위균량호문합，험증료해방법적유효성，연구성과대강궤초성검측공예유적겁적이론지도의의。
Irregular geometry of rails results in difficult extraction of flaw signals during ultrasonic inspection. The multi-Gaussian beam model for transmission of ultrasonic waves in rail heads was built on the basis of the multi-Gaussian beam theory,the geometric parameters and acoustic performance of rail heads and the charac-teristic parameters of the probe and couplant.It was then used to study the distribution characteristics of the a-coustic field under different frequencies and wafer diameters.In the meanwhile,the influence of the incident angles and curvature radius on the sound field was observed.It also helped analyze the effective inspection area of the probe in various situations.The ultrasonic measurement model was built on the basis of the multi-Gauss-ian beam model and in combination with the Kirchhoff approximation scattering model,to predict flaw re-sponse signals in rail heads.The amplitude and phase of the main parts of both the predicted and the measured signals of a side-drilled hole in the rail head are in good agreement.This method is proved to be valid.The re-search results have great theoretical guiding significance for ultrasonic inspection of rails.