CAJ | 학술논문

美国“再工业化”战略是在国内传统工业衰落、产业空洞化、对外贸易严重逆差以及经济衰退背景下提出的，目的不是要步回传统的工业化时代，而是开展对制造业材料、工艺、技术、动力能源、管理、服务形式、生产模式的一场创新活动，是对产业链中高附加值环节的再造，预示着一场由美国主导的新的产业革命的开始。重振制造业是美国“再工业化”战略的核心；尽管面临经费投入多、结构性成本高、就业难度大、地区发展不平衡、就业人口老龄化以及工程师不足等困难，通过立法重振制造业、建立制造创新中心和产学研相结合的技术创新体制、改革教育与培训体制、加强知识产权与贸易保护等措施，“再工业化”已经对美国制造业的振兴、就业状况等带来一定的影响。美国利用国内页岩气革命带来的能源低廉优势，通过技术创新推动制造业朝着智能化方向发展，将使中国等新兴经济体的制造业对美国制造业的成本竞争优势被削弱，技术差距拉大。为此，中国必须重视这场由美国主导的新一轮产业革命动向，借鉴其研发、投资经验与模式，推动技术研发与创新，提升制造业整体技术水平，实现产业结构的高新化。
미국“재공업화”전략시재국내전통공업쇠락、산업공동화、대외무역엄중역차이급경제쇠퇴배경하제출적，목적불시요보회전통적공업화시대，이시개전대제조업재료、공예、기술、동력능원、관리、복무형식、생산모식적일장창신활동，시대산업련중고부가치배절적재조，예시착일장유미국주도적신적산업혁명적개시。중진제조업시미국“재공업화”전략적핵심；진관면림경비투입다、결구성성본고、취업난도대、지구발전불평형、취업인구노령화이급공정사불족등곤난，통과입법중진제조업、건립제조창신중심화산학연상결합적기술창신체제、개혁교육여배훈체제、가강지식산권여무역보호등조시，“재공업화”이경대미국제조업적진흥、취업상황등대래일정적영향。미국이용국내혈암기혁명대래적능원저렴우세，통과기술창신추동제조업조착지능화방향발전，장사중국등신흥경제체적제조업대미국제조업적성본경쟁우세피삭약，기술차거랍대。위차，중국필수중시저장유미국주도적신일륜산업혁명동향，차감기연발、투자경험여모식，추동기술연발여창신，제승제조업정체기술수평，실현산업결구적고신화。
American“reindustrialization”strategy was proposed in the context of the decline of domestic traditional industries,deindustrialization,serious foreign trade deficit as well as economic recession,aims not to return to traditional industrialization era but to launch an innovative campaign for the materials,technology,technology, dynamic energy,management,service form and production mode of manufacturing industries,is regeneration of high value-added link in industrial chain,and indicates the starting of a new America-led industrial revolution. Revitalizing manufacturing industries is the strategic core of American “reindustrialization”,although there are many difficulties such as big capital investment,high structural cost,difficult employment,unbalanced regional development,employment structure aging and engineer shortage and so on,“reindustrialization”has certain impact on the manufacturing industry vitalization and employment situation improvement and so on by legislation,by technical innovation system such as setting up manufacturing innovation centers,by association of production with learning and research,by reforming education and training system,and by enhancing protection of intellectual property right and trade and so on.The intelligent direction development of American manufacturing industries is boosted by low energy cost advantage of domestic Shale Gas revolution and technical innovation and will weaken the cost competition advantage of emerging countries such as China and so on over American manufacturing industries, the technical gap will become bigger,based on this,China must focus on American-led new industrial revolution trend,use her experience and model of R&D and investment to promote technical R&D and innovation,and upgrade the whole technical level of manufacturing industries to realize high-tech oriented industrial structure of China.