CAJ | 학술논문

移民安置模式%农村移民%农业安置%非农安置%就近后靠安置%就近外迁安置%移民家庭%社会资本%能力发展理论%环境容量移民安置模式%農村移民%農業安置%非農安置%就近後靠安置%就近外遷安置%移民傢庭%社會資本%能力髮展理論%環境容量
이민안치모식%농촌이민%농업안치%비농안치%취근후고안치%취근외천안치%이민가정%사회자본%능력발전이론%배경용량
emigrant resettlement mode%rural emigrants%agricultural resettlement%non-agricultural resettlement%local retreat resettlement%resettlement by emigrating to nearby places%emigration family%social capital%capacity development theory%environment capacity

针对宜昌市三峡库区百户农村移民家庭12年的经济发展状况的跟踪调查表明：就地后靠农业安置移民不仅能平稳过渡，其家庭经济状况逐年好于全市农村家庭平均水平；外迁农业安置移民家庭在安置初期经济状况下滑，但能逐步实现过渡，并跟上农村平均水平；而非农就业安置家庭的经济状况波动大，且长期处于低水平，与城镇困难户家庭水平相当。因此，就地后靠农业安置应成为今后工程建设农村移民安置的首选，外迁农业安置是在环境容量限制下的次选，而非农就业安置在农村移民安置中应慎重选择。水库建设移民政策的制定应以能力贫困与能力发展理论为指导，现阶段应遵循“以土为本，就地后靠为主、就近外迁为辅”的原则，要注重库区环境容量的扩大和移民发展能力的提升，针对不同安置模式的移民家庭应该出台差别性的、针对性的移民安置政策，并全面开展持续的移民跟踪调查工作。在三峡后续移民工作中，应该妥善解决非农就业安置的遗留问题。
침대의창시삼협고구백호농촌이민가정12년적경제발전상황적근종조사표명：취지후고농업안치이민불부능평은과도，기가정경제상황축년호우전시농촌가정평균수평；외천농업안치이민가정재안치초기경제상황하활，단능축보실현과도，병근상농촌평균수평；이비농취업안치가정적경제상황파동대，차장기처우저수평，여성진곤난호가정수평상당。인차，취지후고농업안치응성위금후공정건설농촌이민안치적수선，외천농업안치시재배경용량한제하적차선，이비농취업안치재농촌이민안치중응신중선택。수고건설이민정책적제정응이능력빈곤여능력발전이론위지도，현계단응준순“이토위본，취지후고위주、취근외천위보”적원칙，요주중고구배경용량적확대화이민발전능력적제승，침대불동안치모식적이민가정응해출태차별성적、침대성적이민안치정책，병전면개전지속적이민근종조사공작。재삼협후속이민공작중，응해타선해결비농취업안치적유류문제。
The tracing survey on the economic development situation in 12 years of 100 rural emigration households in Three Gorges Reservoir area in Yichang City shows that the emigrants resettled by local retreat mode not only stably passed transition period but also the economic situation of their families is better than the average level of the rural families in the whole city year by year,that the economic situation of the rural emigration families resettled outside the City declined at initial period but could gradually pass the transition period and catch up with rural average level,however,the economic situation of the families resettled by non-agricultural employment mode has big fluctuation,stays at low level in a long time and is the same as the level of urban poor families.Thus, agricultural resettlement mode by local retreat will become the first choice for rural emigrants in project construction in the future,the agricultural resettlement mode by emigrating to other places will be the second choice under the limitation of environment bearing capacity, however, the emigrant resettlement mode by non-agricultural employment should be carefully used in rural emigrant resettlement.The making of emigrant policy in reservoir construction should be guided by the theory of capacity poverty and capacity development and currently by the principle of“taking the land as the basis,mainly local retreat and then emigration to the nearby places”,should pay attention to the enlargement of environment capacity in reservoir area and the promotion of emigrant development capacity,should have the emigrant resettlement policy with difference and pertinence according to the emigrant families resettled by different resettlement modes,and overall conduct continuous tracing survey on the emigrants.The left-over problems in the non-agricultural employment resettlement should be properly solved in the subsequent emigrant resettlement in Three Gorges area.