植物保护
植物保護
식물보호
PLANT PROTECTION
2014年
5期
152-158
,共7页
马明勇%彭兆普%吴生伟%刘佳
馬明勇%彭兆普%吳生偉%劉佳
마명용%팽조보%오생위%류가
栽培方式%稻飞虱%天敌
栽培方式%稻飛虱%天敵
재배방식%도비슬%천활
cultivation methods%planthoppers%natural enemies
20102012年，通过盆拍法结合吸虫机采样法调查了湖南双季晚稻不同栽培方式（抛秧、移栽和直播）下稻飞虱及其天敌的发生情况。结果表明：3种不同栽培方式下稻丛分蘖数差异显著，移栽田分蘖数最多，最高分蘖数为1008株/m2，而直播田分蘖数最少，最低仅为259株/m2。栽培方式对稻飞虱若虫孵化率无显著影响，各次调查孵化率均在65％～75％之间。稻飞虱卵的寄生率与分蘖数两者之间呈现负相关关系，直播栽培方式有利于稻飞虱卵寄生性天敌的控害作用。直播栽培方式下褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群密度均小于抛秧田和移栽田，4代和5代褐飞虱田间数量均与分蘖数和有效积温呈正相关关系，而4代和5代白背飞虱种群数量与分蘖数和有效积温无显著相关关系。3年调查共捕获稻飞虱天敌35种，抛秧和移栽栽培方式下系统调查田多样性指数和丰富度指数有高于直播栽培的趋势。
20102012年，通過盆拍法結閤吸蟲機採樣法調查瞭湖南雙季晚稻不同栽培方式（拋秧、移栽和直播）下稻飛虱及其天敵的髮生情況。結果錶明：3種不同栽培方式下稻叢分蘗數差異顯著，移栽田分蘗數最多，最高分蘗數為1008株/m2，而直播田分蘗數最少，最低僅為259株/m2。栽培方式對稻飛虱若蟲孵化率無顯著影響，各次調查孵化率均在65％～75％之間。稻飛虱卵的寄生率與分蘗數兩者之間呈現負相關關繫，直播栽培方式有利于稻飛虱卵寄生性天敵的控害作用。直播栽培方式下褐飛虱和白揹飛虱種群密度均小于拋秧田和移栽田，4代和5代褐飛虱田間數量均與分蘗數和有效積溫呈正相關關繫，而4代和5代白揹飛虱種群數量與分蘗數和有效積溫無顯著相關關繫。3年調查共捕穫稻飛虱天敵35種，拋秧和移栽栽培方式下繫統調查田多樣性指數和豐富度指數有高于直播栽培的趨勢。
20102012년，통과분박법결합흡충궤채양법조사료호남쌍계만도불동재배방식（포앙、이재화직파）하도비슬급기천활적발생정황。결과표명：3충불동재배방식하도총분얼수차이현저，이재전분얼수최다，최고분얼수위1008주/m2，이직파전분얼수최소，최저부위259주/m2。재배방식대도비슬약충부화솔무현저영향，각차조사부화솔균재65％～75％지간。도비슬란적기생솔여분얼수량자지간정현부상관관계，직파재배방식유리우도비슬란기생성천활적공해작용。직파재배방식하갈비슬화백배비슬충군밀도균소우포앙전화이재전，4대화5대갈비슬전간수량균여분얼수화유효적온정정상관관계，이4대화5대백배비슬충군수량여분얼수화유효적온무현저상관관계。3년조사공포획도비슬천활35충，포앙화이재재배방식하계통조사전다양성지수화봉부도지수유고우직파재배적추세。
The dynamics of brown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens Stl,white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera Horváth and their natural enemies were investigated in the second cropping season rice through broad-casted seedling (BS),hand transplanting (HP)and direct seeding (DS)in Hunan Province by suction trap and pot from 2010 to 2012.The results showed that the tiller number differed significantly among the three cultivation methods,with the highest tiller number of 1 008 plants per m2 in hand transplanting paddy field and the lowest of 259 plants per m2 in direct seeding paddy.The cultivation methods had no significant effect on rice planthopper eggs hatching rate which var-ied from 65% to 75%.There was a negative association between planthopper egg parasitic rate and tiller number,which was higher in direct seeding paddy field than others.Both the populations of the 4th and 5th generation BPH were corre-lated positively with tiller number and accumulative temperature,but no significant relationship in WBPH.Moreover, the BPH and WBPH population densities in direct seeding paddy were less than those in broadcasted seedling and hand planting paddy field.Thirty-five natural enemies were recorded during the investigation and there was a tendency toward the higher values of Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index in broadcasted seedling and hand planting fields than those in direct seeding paddy field.
