浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大學學報（農業與生命科學版）
절강대학학보（농업여생명과학판）
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY(AGRICULTURE & LIFE SCIENCES)
2014年
1期
33-40
,共8页
刘小刚%徐航%程金焕%金龙杰%杨启良%黄竹梅
劉小剛%徐航%程金煥%金龍傑%楊啟良%黃竹梅
류소강%서항%정금환%금룡걸%양계량%황죽매
水肥耦合%生长调控%水分利用%小粒咖啡苗木
水肥耦閤%生長調控%水分利用%小粒咖啡苗木
수비우합%생장조공%수분이용%소립가배묘목
coupling of water and fertilizer%growth regulation%water use%Cof fea arabica seedling
为探讨热带特色经济作物小粒咖啡苗木的节水抗旱和水肥资源高效利用模式，采用4个灌水水平(充分灌水、高水、中水和低水)和4个施肥水平(高肥、中肥、低肥和无肥)的完全处理组合，在智能控制温室内通过盆栽试验，测定在不同水肥处理下小粒咖啡苗木生长及耗水指标(株高、基茎、叶面积、生物量分配、日蒸散量、耗水量及水分利用效率)，研究水肥耦合对小粒咖啡苗木生长、生物量累积及水分利用的影响规律.结果表明：小粒咖啡苗木的生长(株高、基茎、叶面积)和生物量累积随灌水和施肥的增加呈增加趋势.和低水处理相比，灌水增加生物量累积59.03％～369.77％.小粒咖啡苗木的根冠比和根质量比随灌水量的增加略有减小.小粒咖啡苗木的耗水量随施肥量的增加略有降低，而随灌水量的增加显著增加.和低水处理相比，增加灌水可提高小粒咖啡苗木的水分利用效率7.39％～128.96％.高水中肥处理(土壤含水量控制在田间持水率的65％～75％，施肥量为3 g/kg干土)能促进小粒咖啡苗木的生长并保证有较高的水分利用效率.
為探討熱帶特色經濟作物小粒咖啡苗木的節水抗旱和水肥資源高效利用模式，採用4箇灌水水平(充分灌水、高水、中水和低水)和4箇施肥水平(高肥、中肥、低肥和無肥)的完全處理組閤，在智能控製溫室內通過盆栽試驗，測定在不同水肥處理下小粒咖啡苗木生長及耗水指標(株高、基莖、葉麵積、生物量分配、日蒸散量、耗水量及水分利用效率)，研究水肥耦閤對小粒咖啡苗木生長、生物量纍積及水分利用的影響規律.結果錶明：小粒咖啡苗木的生長(株高、基莖、葉麵積)和生物量纍積隨灌水和施肥的增加呈增加趨勢.和低水處理相比，灌水增加生物量纍積59.03％～369.77％.小粒咖啡苗木的根冠比和根質量比隨灌水量的增加略有減小.小粒咖啡苗木的耗水量隨施肥量的增加略有降低，而隨灌水量的增加顯著增加.和低水處理相比，增加灌水可提高小粒咖啡苗木的水分利用效率7.39％～128.96％.高水中肥處理(土壤含水量控製在田間持水率的65％～75％，施肥量為3 g/kg榦土)能促進小粒咖啡苗木的生長併保證有較高的水分利用效率.
위탐토열대특색경제작물소립가배묘목적절수항한화수비자원고효이용모식，채용4개관수수평(충분관수、고수、중수화저수)화4개시비수평(고비、중비、저비화무비)적완전처리조합，재지능공제온실내통과분재시험，측정재불동수비처리하소립가배묘목생장급모수지표(주고、기경、협면적、생물량분배、일증산량、모수량급수분이용효솔)，연구수비우합대소립가배묘목생장、생물량루적급수분이용적영향규률.결과표명：소립가배묘목적생장(주고、기경、협면적)화생물량루적수관수화시비적증가정증가추세.화저수처리상비，관수증가생물량루적59.03％～369.77％.소립가배묘목적근관비화근질량비수관수량적증가략유감소.소립가배묘목적모수량수시비량적증가략유강저，이수관수량적증가현저증가.화저수처리상비，증가관수가제고소립가배묘목적수분이용효솔7.39％～128.96％.고수중비처리(토양함수량공제재전간지수솔적65％～75％，시비량위3 g/kg간토)능촉진소립가배묘목적생장병보증유교고적수분이용효솔.
Water and fertilizer are very important for the growth and yield of Coffea arabica .C. arabica is an agricultural product with unique advantage in Yunnan Province , whose planting area and yield account for 90% of the whole country . However , its yield and quality are restricted because of seasonal drought and soil nutrient deficiency . To investigate the optimal mode of water-saving and high-efficient utilization of water and fertilizer ofC. arabica , the coupling effects of water and fertilization on growth and water use ofC. arabica were studied by using four irrigation levels , i .e . sufficient irrigation ( WS , soil moisture content was 75% 85% of soil field capacity) , high water (WH , soil moisture content was 65% 75% of soil field capacity) , middle water (WM , soil moisture content was 55% 65% of soil field capacity) and low water ( WL , soil moisture content was 45% 55% of soil field capacity) , and four fertilizer levels of NPK ( total nitrogen was 10% , P2 O5 was 30% and K2 O was 20% ) , i.e. high fertilizer (FH ,4.5 g/kg dry soil) ,middle fertilizer (FM ,3.0 g/kg dry soil) ,low fertilizer (FL ,1.5 g/kg dry soil) and no fertilizer ( FN , 0 g/kg dry soil) . A completely design of pot experiments ofC. arabica ( Kadimu P796 , a local variety) was conducted in intellectual control greenhouse from April to November in 2012 , in Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering , Kunming University of Science & Technology in Kunming , Yunnan , China (102°79′E ,24°09′N) . Irrigation was controlled by weighing method . Experimental soil bulk density was 1.2 g/cm3 , field capacity ( FC ) of 24.3% ( mass by mass) . The temperature range of intellectual control greenhouse changed between 12 ℃ and 35 ℃ and air humidity range changed between 50% and 85% . Water-soluble NPK compound fertilizer ( total nitrogen was 10% , P2 O5 was 30% and K2 O was 20% ) was applied twice on May 26th and August 26th in 2012 . Morphological characteristics ( basal diameter , plant height , leaf area , root shoot ratio , root mass ratio and specific leaf area) and biomass accumulation and distribution were measured on November 11th , and daily evapotranspiration was measured on October 14th in 2012 , the day before irrigation in vigorous growth period ofC. arabica seedling . Results showed that the grow th ( plant height , basal diameter and leaf area) and biomass accumulation ofC. arabica seedling increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer , but the effect of fertilizer was inferior to irrigation . Compared with low water (WL) treatment , irrigation could increase biomass accumulation by 59.03%369.77% , and root shoot ratio and root mass ratio increased with the increase of irrigation slightly . Moderate increase of water and fertilizer could greatly increase biomass accumulation and water use efficiency ( WUE) under insufficient water and fertilizer , while marginal benefit significantly decreased while water and fertilizer supply increased under sufficient water and fertilizer . Daily evapotranspiration ofC. arabica seedling decreased with the increase of fertilizer slightly , while increased with the increase of irrigation significantly . Compared with low water ( WL ) treatment , irrigation could increase water use efficiency by 7.39% 128.96% . In conclusion ,faster growth and higher WUE could be obtained by high water and middle fertilizer (WHFM , soil moisture content was 65% 75% of soil field capacity and fertilizer was 3.0 g/kg dry soil) simultaneously .
