CAJ | 학술논문

要解决先进飞行器的气动/运动非线性耦合问题，就需要建立气动/飞行力学一体化的虚拟飞行试验平台，用于获取飞行器机动飞行过程中的非定常气动力特性，弄清气动/运动非线性耦合机理。2．4m×2．4m 跨声速风洞（以下简称2．4m风洞）虚拟飞行试验天平研制技术是虚拟飞行试验机理性研究的关键技术之一。由于试验模型为两段的细长结构，天平设计空间受到限制，并且载荷极不匹配。风洞试验研究要求天平不仅要实现分段模型气动力的测量，还要实现两段模型的同步小摩擦滚转运动，传统天平无法满足试验要求。新设计的天平采用一种带有轴承和心轴的环式“双天平”新结构，较好解决了载荷匹配问题以及测量与运动之间的矛盾。天平设计利用有限元软件ANSYS进行应变和应力分析与优化，并设计了耦合式电桥。天平静校和风洞试验数据表明，该天平满足风洞虚拟飞行试验机理性研究的要求。
요해결선진비행기적기동/운동비선성우합문제，취수요건립기동/비행역학일체화적허의비행시험평태，용우획취비행기궤동비행과정중적비정상기동력특성，롱청기동/운동비선성우합궤리。2．4m×2．4m 과성속풍동（이하간칭2．4m풍동）허의비행시험천평연제기술시허의비행시험궤이성연구적관건기술지일。유우시험모형위량단적세장결구，천평설계공간수도한제，병차재하겁불필배。풍동시험연구요구천평불부요실현분단모형기동력적측량，환요실현량단모형적동보소마찰곤전운동，전통천평무법만족시험요구。신설계적천평채용일충대유축승화심축적배식“쌍천평”신결구，교호해결료재하필배문제이급측량여운동지간적모순。천평설계이용유한원연건ANSYS진행응변화응력분석여우화，병설계료우합식전교。천평정교화풍동시험수거표명，해천평만족풍동허의비행시험궤이성연구적요구。
The virtual flight test(VFT)is an effective test mothed for getting characteristics of unsteady aerodynamics when aircrafts maneuver and understanding the aerodynamics-move-ment nonlinear coupling mechanism.The virtual flight test balance development is a key tech-nique in 2.4m×2.4m transonic wind tunnel virtual flight test.We developed a special dedicated VFT strain-gauged balance to measure aerodynamic parameters for closed-loop control.The test model is long and thin because of being devided into two parts so that the balance design space is limited,and the design loads do not match extremely.The aerodynamic forces on the model’s two parts get worse due to this division.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)results show that the maximum normal force on the aft half of the model reaches 12000N,and the pitch moment reaches 6000N·m.One challenging thing is that the wind tunnel test requires both measurement of forces on two separated model parts and the movement of those parts rolling around the axial shaft with low-friction together,so the normal balances don′t meet the requirements.Movement and measurement must be fully considered together.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation we optimized the structure of the new balance.A new assembly configuration with bearings and mandril is used for the balance,which is inside the balance and could rotate with the model together with low friction.A kind of serial twin-balance with the same earth end in the middle of the balance was measure forces on the two parts of the model.Eight components are set on four groups of sixteen beams which are located in four different sections.Different dimen-sions of these beams are optimized to solve the loads match problem and conflict of measurement and movement of model parts.During the course of design,the balance stress and strain analysis optimization was generated by finite element simulation method using software ANSYS,and then combined bridges are schemed.Both calibration and wind tunnel test results show that the balance meets all requirements of VFT research.