河南农业科学
河南農業科學
하남농업과학
JOURNAL OF HENAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2014年
1期
59-63
,共5页
郑惠玲%杨永辉%武继承%潘晓莹%李学军
鄭惠玲%楊永輝%武繼承%潘曉瑩%李學軍
정혜령%양영휘%무계승%반효형%리학군
潮土%小麦%水肥条件%光合特性
潮土%小麥%水肥條件%光閤特性
조토%소맥%수비조건%광합특성
alluvial soil%wheat%water and fertilizer%photosynthetic characteristics
为探明水肥条件对不同小麦品种光合特性的影响，在通许县壤质潮土不同水分（不灌水、轻度干旱胁迫、充分灌溉）和氮肥追施次数（不追肥、返青-拔节期追肥、拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥）条件下分析了不同小麦品种（矮抗58和周麦18）在拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片瞬时水分利用效率。结果表明：2个小麦品种的净光合速率总体均随小麦生育期的推进而提高，增加幅度均以轻度干旱胁迫拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥处理最大，尤其是矮抗58。水肥处理对周麦18不同生育时期的蒸腾速率影响较大，而对矮抗58影响较小。拔节期，周麦18蒸腾速率以轻度干旱胁迫拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥处理最低，矮抗58蒸腾速率以该处理较低；扬花期，2个小麦品种蒸腾速率均以不灌水返青-拔节期追肥处理最高，周麦18以充分灌溉不追肥处理最低，矮抗58以轻度干旱胁迫不追肥处理最低，两品种均以轻度干旱胁迫拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥处理次之；灌浆期，从2个小麦品种蒸腾速率平均值来看，蒸腾速率以不灌水不追肥处理最高，轻度干旱胁迫不追肥处理和轻度干旱胁迫返青-拔节期追肥处理最低。2个小麦品种叶片瞬时水分利用效率均随生育期推进先降低后升高，但升高幅度不同，周麦18高于矮抗58，2个品种总体以轻度干旱胁迫条件下更利于小麦叶片瞬时水分利用效率的提高，尤其是拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥处理。总之，轻度干旱胁迫有利于提高小麦蒸腾速率、降低蒸腾速率、提高叶片瞬时水分利用效率，尤其是拔节期追肥＋灌浆期追肥处理，且周麦18光合利用能力高于矮抗58。
為探明水肥條件對不同小麥品種光閤特性的影響，在通許縣壤質潮土不同水分（不灌水、輕度榦旱脅迫、充分灌溉）和氮肥追施次數（不追肥、返青-拔節期追肥、拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥）條件下分析瞭不同小麥品種（矮抗58和週麥18）在拔節期、颺花期和灌漿期的淨光閤速率、蒸騰速率、葉片瞬時水分利用效率。結果錶明：2箇小麥品種的淨光閤速率總體均隨小麥生育期的推進而提高，增加幅度均以輕度榦旱脅迫拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥處理最大，尤其是矮抗58。水肥處理對週麥18不同生育時期的蒸騰速率影響較大，而對矮抗58影響較小。拔節期，週麥18蒸騰速率以輕度榦旱脅迫拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥處理最低，矮抗58蒸騰速率以該處理較低；颺花期，2箇小麥品種蒸騰速率均以不灌水返青-拔節期追肥處理最高，週麥18以充分灌溉不追肥處理最低，矮抗58以輕度榦旱脅迫不追肥處理最低，兩品種均以輕度榦旱脅迫拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥處理次之；灌漿期，從2箇小麥品種蒸騰速率平均值來看，蒸騰速率以不灌水不追肥處理最高，輕度榦旱脅迫不追肥處理和輕度榦旱脅迫返青-拔節期追肥處理最低。2箇小麥品種葉片瞬時水分利用效率均隨生育期推進先降低後升高，但升高幅度不同，週麥18高于矮抗58，2箇品種總體以輕度榦旱脅迫條件下更利于小麥葉片瞬時水分利用效率的提高，尤其是拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥處理。總之，輕度榦旱脅迫有利于提高小麥蒸騰速率、降低蒸騰速率、提高葉片瞬時水分利用效率，尤其是拔節期追肥＋灌漿期追肥處理，且週麥18光閤利用能力高于矮抗58。
위탐명수비조건대불동소맥품충광합특성적영향，재통허현양질조토불동수분（불관수、경도간한협박、충분관개）화담비추시차수（불추비、반청-발절기추비、발절기추비＋관장기추비）조건하분석료불동소맥품충（왜항58화주맥18）재발절기、양화기화관장기적정광합속솔、증등속솔、협편순시수분이용효솔。결과표명：2개소맥품충적정광합속솔총체균수소맥생육기적추진이제고，증가폭도균이경도간한협박발절기추비＋관장기추비처리최대，우기시왜항58。수비처리대주맥18불동생육시기적증등속솔영향교대，이대왜항58영향교소。발절기，주맥18증등속솔이경도간한협박발절기추비＋관장기추비처리최저，왜항58증등속솔이해처리교저；양화기，2개소맥품충증등속솔균이불관수반청-발절기추비처리최고，주맥18이충분관개불추비처리최저，왜항58이경도간한협박불추비처리최저，량품충균이경도간한협박발절기추비＋관장기추비처리차지；관장기，종2개소맥품충증등속솔평균치래간，증등속솔이불관수불추비처리최고，경도간한협박불추비처리화경도간한협박반청-발절기추비처리최저。2개소맥품충협편순시수분이용효솔균수생육기추진선강저후승고，단승고폭도불동，주맥18고우왜항58，2개품충총체이경도간한협박조건하경리우소맥협편순시수분이용효솔적제고，우기시발절기추비＋관장기추비처리。총지，경도간한협박유리우제고소맥증등속솔、강저증등속솔、제고협편순시수분이용효솔，우기시발절기추비＋관장기추비처리，차주맥18광합이용능력고우왜항58。
In order to explore the effect of water and fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of different wheat varieties ,the net photosynthetic rate ,transpiration rate and instantaneous water use efficiency of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18 were measured at jointing stage ,anthesis stage and grain-filling stage under different water and fertilizer conditions in loam alluvial soil in Tongxu county .The water conditions included no irrigation ,mild drought stress and full irrigation ,the times of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing included zero ,once(reviving to jointing stage )and twice (jointing and grain filling stage) .The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of two wheat varieties increased with the growth of wheat ,and the treatment with additional fertilizer at join-ting and grain filling stage under mild drought stress was beneficial to improve photosynthetic rate compared with other treatments ,especially Aikang 58 .The effect of different water and fertilizer conditions on transpiration rate of Zhoumai 18 at different growth stage was greater than that on Aikang 58 .At jointing stage ,the transpiration rate of the treatment with additional fertilizer at jointing and grain filling stage under mild drought stress was the lowest for Zhoumai 18 ,while it was lower for Aikang 58 .At flowering stage ,the highest one of the transpiration rate for two wheat varieties was the treatment with additional fertilizer at reviving to jointing stage without ir-rigation ,and the second was the treatment with additional fertilizer at jointing and grain filling stage under mild drought stress ,the treatment without topdressing with full irrigation was lowest for Zhoumai 18 ,while the treatment without topdressing under mild drought stress was lowest for Ankang 58 .At grain filling stage ,the highest one of the transpiration rate for two wheat varieties was the treatment without topdressing and irrigation ,the lowest one was the treatment without topdressing and the treatment with additional fertilizer at reviving to jointing stage under mild drought stress .The instantaneous water use efficiency of two wheat varieties first decreased and then increased with the growth of wheat ,but the increase range was different ,which of Zhoumai 18 was greater than Aikang 58 .In a word ,mild drought stress was conducive to improve the net photosynthetic rate and instantaneous water use efficiency ,and decrease transpiration rate ,espe-cially the treatment with additional fertilizer at join-ting and grain filling stage ,and the photosyn-thetic capacity of Zhoumai 18 was higher than Aikang 58 .
