CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨水肥耦合的最佳配置，在通许潮土区进行测墒灌溉与施肥相结合的水（W1：不灌水；W2：田间最大持水量的55％～60％；W3：田间最大持水量的75％～80％；W4：足墒灌溉）肥（N1：一次施肥；N2：多次施肥）耦合试验，探讨了不同水肥耦合条件对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，小麦旗叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率均随土壤含水量的增加而增加，叶片瞬时水分利用效率随土壤含水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势；氮肥对小麦旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、瞬时水分利用效率的影响均受土壤水分调控，在W1水分条件下氮肥对其有抑制作用，在其他水分条件下氮肥对其有促进作用。各处理间穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量均存在显著差异，产量随土壤含水量的增加先增加后减少，W3水分条件下最高；氮肥对小麦产量的影响规律同旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、瞬时水分利用效率，产量以W3N2处理最高，达9293．19 kg/hm2。净光合速率和蒸腾速率与产量间呈显著正相关；成产要素与产量间均呈正相关，影响程度表现为小穗数＞穗粒数＞穗长＞千粒重。
위탐토수비우합적최가배치，재통허조토구진행측상관개여시비상결합적수（W1：불관수；W2：전간최대지수량적55％～60％；W3：전간최대지수량적75％～80％；W4：족상관개）비（N1：일차시비；N2：다차시비）우합시험，탐토료불동수비우합조건대동소맥광합특성화산량적영향。결과표명，소맥기협정광합속솔화증등속솔균수토양함수량적증가이증가，협편순시수분이용효솔수토양함수량적증가정선증가후강저적추세；담비대소맥기협정광합속솔、증등속솔、순시수분이용효솔적영향균수토양수분조공，재W1수분조건하담비대기유억제작용，재기타수분조건하담비대기유촉진작용。각처리간수장、소수수、수립수、천립중、산량균존재현저차이，산량수토양함수량적증가선증가후감소，W3수분조건하최고；담비대소맥산량적영향규률동기협정광합속솔、증등속솔、순시수분이용효솔，산량이W3N2처리최고，체9293．19 kg/hm2。정광합속솔화증등속솔여산량간정현저정상관；성산요소여산량간균정정상관，영향정도표현위소수수＞수립수＞수장＞천립중。
In order to explore the optimal allocation of water and fertilizer coupling ,the experi-ment of irrigation based on testing soil moisture and fertilization coupling was carried out in Tongxu county in alluvial soil area ,the water conditions included no irrigation (W1) ,55% -60%of maximum field capacity (W2 ) ,75% -80% of maximum field capacity (W3 ) ,full irrigation (W4) ,and the fertilization conditions included one time fertilization (N1)and multiple fertilization (N2) ,and the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat were discussed .The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate and transpira-tion rate of flag leaf increased with the increase of soil moisture ,instantaneous water use efficien-cy first increased and then decreased .The effect of nitrogen application on net photosynthetic rate ,transpiration rate and instantaneous water use efficiency of flag leaf was decided by the soil moisture ,all of them decreased with the increase of nitrogen application under no irrigation condi-tion ,and increased under the other water conditions .There were significant differences between spike length ,spikelet number ,grain number per spike ,1 000-grain weight and yield ,the yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture ,reached the peack under W3 water condition ;the effect of nitrogen application on yield was same to that on net photosynthetic rate , transpiration rate and instantaneous water use efficiency of flag leaf ,and the yield of W3N2 treat-ment was 9 293 .19 kg/ha ,which was the highest .There was significantly positive correlation be-tween yield and photosynthetic rate ,transpiration rate ;there was a positive correlation between yield component and yield ,and the order was spikelet number > grain number per spike> spike length>1 000-grain weight .