CAJ | 학술논문

为进一步了解荥经枇杷茶野生大茶树种内的亲缘关系，为茶树遗传育种、分类及鉴定提供信息，根据茶树形态性状第一主分量分析贡献最大者的树型和叶尖、第二主分量分析贡献最大者的花瓣数和花柱分裂数，再结合叶脉对数、锯齿对数等将荥经枇杷茶野生大茶树分为5个不同类型（依次编号为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类）的根尖，采用根压法对其染色体核型进行分析。结果表明：Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅴ类和CK茶树核型公式为2n＝30＝20m＋10sm，Ⅳ类茶树核型公式为2n＝2x＝30＝22m＋8sm。Ⅰ～Ⅴ及 CK类茶树染色体相对长度范围分别为5．70～8．61μm、5．34～8．54μm、5．29～8．21μm、5．30～8．89μm、5．29～8．93μm、5．33～8．17μm，均属于中小型染色体；平均臂比分别为1．59、1．56、1．49、1．65、1．61、1．52，不对称系数分别为59．38％、58．10％、56．12％、63．06％、60．08％、57．13％；最长与最短染色体比值分别为1．66、1．64、1．59、1．71、1．69、1．61，臂比值大于2∶1的染色体占全部染色体的0．20％；6类茶树均为2A型，属对称核型。Ⅲ类茶树进化程度相对较低，Ⅳ和Ⅴ类茶树进化程度相对较高。四川荥经枇杷茶野生大茶树既具有较原始的对称性核型性状，又具有较不对称性的进化型，表明荥经枇杷茶野生大茶树已从原始类型向进化类型茶树发生连续、渐进的变化。
위진일보료해형경비파다야생대다수충내적친연관계，위다수유전육충、분류급감정제공신식，근거다수형태성상제일주분량분석공헌최대자적수형화협첨、제이주분량분석공헌최대자적화판수화화주분렬수，재결합협맥대수、거치대수등장형경비파다야생대다수분위5개불동류형（의차편호위Ⅰ류、Ⅱ류、Ⅲ류、Ⅳ류화Ⅴ류）적근첨，채용근압법대기염색체핵형진행분석。결과표명：Ⅰ류、Ⅱ류、Ⅲ류、Ⅴ류화CK다수핵형공식위2n＝30＝20m＋10sm，Ⅳ류다수핵형공식위2n＝2x＝30＝22m＋8sm。Ⅰ～Ⅴ급 CK류다수염색체상대장도범위분별위5．70～8．61μm、5．34～8．54μm、5．29～8．21μm、5．30～8．89μm、5．29～8．93μm、5．33～8．17μm，균속우중소형염색체；평균비비분별위1．59、1．56、1．49、1．65、1．61、1．52，불대칭계수분별위59．38％、58．10％、56．12％、63．06％、60．08％、57．13％；최장여최단염색체비치분별위1．66、1．64、1．59、1．71、1．69、1．61，비비치대우2∶1적염색체점전부염색체적0．20％；6류다수균위2A형，속대칭핵형。Ⅲ류다수진화정도상대교저，Ⅳ화Ⅴ류다수진화정도상대교고。사천형경비파다야생대다수기구유교원시적대칭성핵형성상，우구유교불대칭성적진화형，표명형경비파다야생대다수이종원시류형향진화류형다수발생련속、점진적변화。
To explore the genetic relationship among Yingjing Loquat Wild tea species in further,and provide information for genetic breeding,classification and identification of tea trees,taking the roots of five different types (marked ClassⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ)of Yingjing loquat wild tea as experimental materials,the karyotype of each type was analyzed by root pressure method.The results showed the karyotype formulas ofⅠ-Class,Ⅱ-Class,Ⅲ-Class,Ⅴ-Class and CK were 2n=30=20m+10sm while that of Ⅳ-Class was 2n=2x=30=22m+8sm.The relative chromosome length ofⅠ~Ⅴ and CK were 5.70~8.61μm,5.34~8.54μm,5.29~8.21 μm,5.30~8.89 μm,5.29~8.93 μm and 5.33~8.17 μm respectively,which were of small and medium size;the average arm ratio was 1.59,1.56,1.49,1.65,1. 61 and 1.52 separately,the dissymmetry coefficient was 59.38%,58.10%,56.12%,63.06%,60.08%and 57.13% respectively;the ratio of the longest and shortest chromosome was 1.66,1.64,1.59,1.71, 1.69 and 1.61 respectively,the arm ratio over 2∶1 accounted for 0.20% of the total;all the six types belonged to the original type 2A,symmetrical karyotype.The evolution degree of Ⅲ-Class was relatively low,and Ⅳ-Class andⅤ-Class were relatively high.The situation that Yingjing loquat wild tea plants got both original symmetry karyotype and evolutionarily unsymmetrical karyotype showed a gradual evolutionary trend from wild type to cultivated type.