CAJ | 학술논문

炭基肥料是以生物炭为基质与其他肥料复合而成的新型肥料，能有效提高土壤的肥力和透气能力，同时具有对肥料的缓释效果等。为了炭基肥料成型工艺优化及工业化生产，该文以复混肥料的国家标准为参考，尿素、过磷酸钙、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钾作为提供氮磷钾元素的基础肥料，并以秸秆炭为基质，着重讨论了成型前加水量、有无添加胶黏剂和成型前物料粒度对炭基肥料成型的影响。研究成型炭基肥料的较佳工艺为基础肥料质量分数占70.36%，总养分的质量分数为28%，其中N：P2O5：K2O养分质量比为10：8：10，秸秆炭质量分数16.64%，不加研磨，配以13%的水，搅拌均匀常温造粒成型；并对在此条件下成型后的炭基肥料养分含量、含水率、溶水性、强度、pH值和对土壤化学性质的影响等性能进行表征，指标如下：氮质量分数为10.07%，水溶性磷质量分数5.47%，有效磷质量分数8.38%，水溶性磷占有效磷65.27%，钾质量分数10.45%，水分质量分数3.24%，机械强度85%以上，pH值为6.41。实测结果符合国家相应标准，工艺设计简单可行，进而为炭基肥料的工业生产提供参考。
탄기비료시이생물탄위기질여기타비료복합이성적신형비료，능유효제고토양적비력화투기능력，동시구유대비료적완석효과등。위료탄기비료성형공예우화급공업화생산，해문이복혼비료적국가표준위삼고，뇨소、과린산개、린산경이안、록화갑작위제공담린갑원소적기출비료，병이갈간탄위기질，착중토론료성형전가수량、유무첨가효점제화성형전물료립도대탄기비료성형적영향。연구성형탄기비료적교가공예위기출비료질량분수점70.36%，총양분적질량분수위28%，기중N：P2O5：K2O양분질량비위10：8：10，갈간탄질량분수16.64%，불가연마，배이13%적수，교반균균상온조립성형；병대재차조건하성형후적탄기비료양분함량、함수솔、용수성、강도、pH치화대토양화학성질적영향등성능진행표정，지표여하：담질량분수위10.07%，수용성린질량분수5.47%，유효린질량분수8.38%，수용성린점유효린65.27%，갑질량분수10.45%，수분질량분수3.24%，궤계강도85%이상，pH치위6.41。실측결과부합국가상응표준，공예설계간단가행，진이위탄기비료적공업생산제공삼고。
In recent years, the fertility of cultivated land in China has declined significantly due to excessive reclamation. As a result, chemical fertilizer is widely used to increase the fertility of the soil. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer results in many side effects such as soil pollution, water pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of environmentally friendly chemical fertilizer and its preparation method. China has a large number of biomass resources. For example, the crop straw produces as many as 700 million tons each year. With the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness and development of biomass thermo-chemical conversion technology, the biomass resources are widely used in the preparation of biomass biochar, bio-oil and gas. Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis obtained from crop straw and other biomass materials under the restriction or absence of oxygen conditions. Scientific and rational application of biochar in soil is beneficial for increasing the soil fertility, because it can not only compensate for the consumption of soil organic matter, but it also improves the soil pH value and further increases the production of crops. Carbon based fertilizer, which is a new compound fertilizer mixed by biomass carbon and other fertilizers, has been regarded as one of the most effective methods for the application of biochar in soil. With rich pore structure, carbon based fertilizer can increase the soil fertility, improve venting capability, and slow down the release rate of fertilizer, etc. The present studies of carbon based fertilizers focus on the mixture of biochar and a base fertilizer applied into the soil without granulation molding. However, this cannot be industrialized because of the limitation of transportation, storage and other aspects. Moreover, adhesive is required in granulation molding, which will corrode equipment, complicate the production process, increase economic investment, and bring about side effects to the soil such as soil caking, if it is applied over a long term. In this study, a new preparation method for carbon based fertilizer was proposed. Urea, calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate and kalium chloratum were used as the basic fertilizer to provide N, P, K. According to the national standard of compound fertilizer material, straw charcoal, urea, calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate potassium chloride and a certain amount of water, were mixed together to form granulation without adding any adhesive. The product was granulated with an extruder at room temperature and dried at 50 °C for 4 hours. Finally, the performance indicators of the fertilizer were measured according to the corresponding standards, such as nutrients, moisture content, strength, water solubility, and release effects. The results showed that the formed carbon based fertilizer preferred formula was:16.64%straw carbon, 70.36%based fertilizer, N:P2O5:K2O=10:8:10. Without adding any adhesives, the performance indicators of molding carbon based fertilizers after drying were as follows:mass fraction of Nitrogen is 10.07%, mass fraction of water soluble phosphorus is 5.47%, mass fraction of phosphorus is 8.38%, water soluble phosphorus accounting for 65.27% of total phosphorus, mass fraction of kalium is 10.45%, water content is 3.24%, strength is 85%, and the pH value is 6.41. These performance results met the relevant national standards. The design of the process is simple and feasible, and provides a reference for the industrial production of carbon based fertilizers.