农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
5期
211-219
,共9页
徐良骥%黄璨%章如芹%刘会平%严家平%Helmut Meuser%Lutz Makowsky
徐良驥%黃璨%章如芹%劉會平%嚴傢平%Helmut Meuser%Lutz Makowsky
서량기%황찬%장여근%류회평%엄가평%Helmut Meuser%Lutz Makowsky
土地复垦%土壤%重金属%物理特性%化学特性%煤矸石充填基质
土地複墾%土壤%重金屬%物理特性%化學特性%煤矸石充填基質
토지복은%토양%중금속%물리특성%화학특성%매안석충전기질
land reclamation%soils%heavy metals%physical properties%chemical properties%coal gangue substrate
为研究煤矸石充填复垦地农作物产量达到最佳时的覆土厚度及煤矸石充填复垦地重金属分布状况，该文以新庄孜矿煤矸石充填复垦地作为研究对象，采取室外田间小区试验和室内试验分析方法，选取不同覆土厚度50～60，60～70，70～80，80～90 cm的4类试验地块及对照地块对其土壤理化性质及农作物根系分布、长势产量、重金属元素含量进行调查分析，发现复垦地块各项指标与对照地块差异显著，劣于对照地块；煤矸石充填基质土壤理化性质较差；70～80 cm的厚度是煤矸石充填复垦造地较经济合理的覆土厚度。煤矸石复垦地重金属元素有向上迁移的趋势；复垦土壤及煤矸石基质中Pb、Zn、Cr元素含量处于安全水平；大部分监测的Cu、Ni、Cd元素含量高于淮南土壤背景值，低于中国土壤环境质量标准二级标准，对复垦土壤已构成潜在的威胁性，应予以重视；覆土厚度50～60 cm地块的煤矸石基质中Cu、Ni元素含量处于安全水平，煤矸石基质中Cd元素含量高于淮南土壤土壤背景值，低于中国土壤环境质量标准二级标准，应予以重视。结果表明70～80 cm的厚度是煤矸石充填复垦造地最佳覆土厚度；新庄孜煤矸石充填复垦地重金属有向上迁移的趋势，复垦土壤中重金属含量符合国家二级标准，未出现重金属污染情况，但部分重金属元素含量高于淮南市土壤背景值，应予以重视。
為研究煤矸石充填複墾地農作物產量達到最佳時的覆土厚度及煤矸石充填複墾地重金屬分佈狀況，該文以新莊孜礦煤矸石充填複墾地作為研究對象，採取室外田間小區試驗和室內試驗分析方法，選取不同覆土厚度50～60，60～70，70～80，80～90 cm的4類試驗地塊及對照地塊對其土壤理化性質及農作物根繫分佈、長勢產量、重金屬元素含量進行調查分析，髮現複墾地塊各項指標與對照地塊差異顯著，劣于對照地塊；煤矸石充填基質土壤理化性質較差；70～80 cm的厚度是煤矸石充填複墾造地較經濟閤理的覆土厚度。煤矸石複墾地重金屬元素有嚮上遷移的趨勢；複墾土壤及煤矸石基質中Pb、Zn、Cr元素含量處于安全水平；大部分鑑測的Cu、Ni、Cd元素含量高于淮南土壤揹景值，低于中國土壤環境質量標準二級標準，對複墾土壤已構成潛在的威脅性，應予以重視；覆土厚度50～60 cm地塊的煤矸石基質中Cu、Ni元素含量處于安全水平，煤矸石基質中Cd元素含量高于淮南土壤土壤揹景值，低于中國土壤環境質量標準二級標準，應予以重視。結果錶明70～80 cm的厚度是煤矸石充填複墾造地最佳覆土厚度；新莊孜煤矸石充填複墾地重金屬有嚮上遷移的趨勢，複墾土壤中重金屬含量符閤國傢二級標準，未齣現重金屬汙染情況，但部分重金屬元素含量高于淮南市土壤揹景值，應予以重視。
위연구매안석충전복은지농작물산량체도최가시적복토후도급매안석충전복은지중금속분포상황，해문이신장자광매안석충전복은지작위연구대상，채취실외전간소구시험화실내시험분석방법，선취불동복토후도50～60，60～70，70～80，80～90 cm적4류시험지괴급대조지괴대기토양이화성질급농작물근계분포、장세산량、중금속원소함량진행조사분석，발현복은지괴각항지표여대조지괴차이현저，렬우대조지괴；매안석충전기질토양이화성질교차；70～80 cm적후도시매안석충전복은조지교경제합리적복토후도。매안석복은지중금속원소유향상천이적추세；복은토양급매안석기질중Pb、Zn、Cr원소함량처우안전수평；대부분감측적Cu、Ni、Cd원소함량고우회남토양배경치，저우중국토양배경질량표준이급표준，대복은토양이구성잠재적위협성，응여이중시；복토후도50～60 cm지괴적매안석기질중Cu、Ni원소함량처우안전수평，매안석기질중Cd원소함량고우회남토양토양배경치，저우중국토양배경질량표준이급표준，응여이중시。결과표명70～80 cm적후도시매안석충전복은조지최가복토후도；신장자매안석충전복은지중금속유향상천이적추세，복은토양중중금속함량부합국가이급표준，미출현중금속오염정황，단부분중금속원소함량고우회남시토양배경치，응여이중시。
Coal gangue is a solid waste with the largest emissions during the process of coal mining, processing, and utilization in Huainan mining areas. Many coal emissions have caused worsening situations dealing with land occupation and the problem of ecological environment damage in mining areas. The utilization of coal gangue for filling and land reclamation is not only able to recover the value of mining subsidence land, but it can handle coal gangue, which has significant economic and environmental benefits. The key problems for land reclamation based on using coal gangue as the main substrate are designing the best and economical depth of top soil for meeting the needs of crop growth and the possibility that the utilization of coal gangue for land reclamation will cause soil pollution. For studying the depth of top soil when optimum crop yields can be achieved and the possibilities of pollution to the environment caused by the filling reclaimed soil, this paper introduced the establishment of outside field plots, regarded as Xin Zhuangzi coal gangue reclaimed land, as the research object. The winter wheat had been planted on both control plots and four test plots, which were designated A, B, C, and D, with the top-soil depth of 50-60 cm, 60-70 cm, 70-80 cm and 80-90 cm, respectively. Soil, coal gangue and wheat samples had been collected. The analysis of indicators were as follows: the pH values of soil and coal gangue samples, the content of organic matter, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, natural water content of soil, particle density;the root density, height and production of winter wheat;and the content of these elements: Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr. All the indicators had been analyzed by using statistical methods. The experimental results showed that reclaimed land has notable differences of each indicator compared with the control plots. The physical-chemical properties of the soil, the root density, height of crops, and production of winter wheat are poorer than those of the control plots. The substrate made of coal gangue has more inferior physical-chemical properties. Considering the indicators, the conclusion is that several indicators of B test plot are better than the others, so a soil depth of 70-80 cm is a more economical and rational top-soil depth for reclaimed land when using coal gangue as a filler. The elements in coal gangue substrate for filling, such as Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr, has a trend of migrating to the upper surface. At a safe level, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cr in reclaimed soil and coal gangue matrix are below the background values of the soil in Huainan (30.5 mg/kg, 80.8 mg/kg, 64.9 mg/kg). In a significant cumulative effect, the contents of Cu, Ni, Cd elements in reclamation soil are above the background values of Huainan soil but lower than the primary standard of the soil environmental quality standards in China (35mg/kg). Though these elements would not pollute the soil singly, this situation constitutes a potential threat on reclaimed soil and more attention to the threat should be paid. The contents of Cu, Ni in the coal gangue matrix of test A plot are below the background values of Huainan soil (24.2 mg/kg) and at a safe level. The content of Cd is higher than the background value of Huainan soil (0.06 mg/kg) and lower than the minor standard of Chinese soil environmental quality (0.6 mg/kg), and deserves more attention because of the cumulative effect in coal gangue matrix.
