CAJ | 학술논문

为了阐明喷洒药械N-3型无人直升机（N-3 UAV）在玉米生长后期雾沉积效果及应用前景，研究了喷洒参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。该试验研究以染料Rhodamine-B溶解成一定浓度的溶液代替农药进行喷雾，通过改变飞机的作业高度和横向喷洒幅度进行喷雾试验；采样点设置沿玉米高度方向分4层，用聚酯卡作为雾滴取样器采集雾滴。用荧光分光光度计测定雾滴在玉米某一区域的沉积量，由此获得雾滴沉积量在玉米植株不同层间分布的规律。结果表明：作业高度为5 m时，雾滴在目标上的总沉积量最少，离散程度最大，极差值为0.17；作业高度为7m时，雾滴在目标上的总沉积量比作业高度为5和9m时的沉积量大，雾滴沉积量的离散程度最小，极差为0.10；不同作业高度时，雾滴在玉米顶部、上部、穂部、下部的沉积效果和分布均匀性的变异系数不同，雾滴在玉米上部和穗部的沉积量高于顶部和下部的沉积量。在同一作业高度下（7 m），横向喷幅为5和9 m时，多喷幅雾滴沉积百分比的极差为38.4%和38.1%，变异系数为41%和34.4%；横向喷幅为7 m时，多喷幅雾滴沉积百分比的极差为26.3%，变异系数为25%，雾滴分布均匀性最好。小型无人直升机在玉米生长后期喷洒农药时，作业高度和横向喷洒幅度会影响雾滴在植株上的沉积量和分布均匀性，综合考虑雾滴沉积特性和喷洒效果情况下，应该选择飞行高度为7 m，横向喷洒幅度为7 m作为作业参数。该研究可为喷雾器具的优化设计、性能改进以及正确使用等提供技术依据；对合理喷施农药、提高喷洒效率、防治病虫害大面积暴发具有重要意义。
위료천명분쇄약계N-3형무인직승궤（N-3 UAV）재옥미생장후기무침적효과급응용전경，연구료분쇄삼수대옥미관층무적침적분포적영향。해시험연구이염료Rhodamine-B용해성일정농도적용액대체농약진행분무，통과개변비궤적작업고도화횡향분쇄폭도진행분무시험；채양점설치연옥미고도방향분4층，용취지잡작위무적취양기채집무적。용형광분광광도계측정무적재옥미모일구역적침적량，유차획득무적침적량재옥미식주불동층간분포적규률。결과표명：작업고도위5 m시，무적재목표상적총침적량최소，리산정도최대，겁차치위0.17；작업고도위7m시，무적재목표상적총침적량비작업고도위5화9m시적침적량대，무적침적량적리산정도최소，겁차위0.10；불동작업고도시，무적재옥미정부、상부、수부、하부적침적효과화분포균균성적변이계수불동，무적재옥미상부화수부적침적량고우정부화하부적침적량。재동일작업고도하（7 m），횡향분폭위5화9 m시，다분폭무적침적백분비적겁차위38.4%화38.1%，변이계수위41%화34.4%；횡향분폭위7 m시，다분폭무적침적백분비적겁차위26.3%，변이계수위25%，무적분포균균성최호。소형무인직승궤재옥미생장후기분쇄농약시，작업고도화횡향분쇄폭도회영향무적재식주상적침적량화분포균균성，종합고필무적침적특성화분쇄효과정황하，응해선택비행고도위7 m，횡향분쇄폭도위7 m작위작업삼수。해연구가위분무기구적우화설계、성능개진이급정학사용등제공기술의거；대합리분시농약、제고분쇄효솔、방치병충해대면적폭발구유중요의의。
In order to explore the effect of spray droplet deposition and applications of N-3 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at late maize growth, spray test was done at different working heights and multi-swath lap joint of different spraying swath. Research on fog drop interception by maize canopies during pesticide spraying can provide technical data for the optimum design, performance improvements, and correct use of the sprayer. A solution of Rhodamine-B mixed with water in 0.1% concentration was selected for instead of the pesticide to spray maize fields, monitoring wind speed of flight direction refer to meteorological station monitoring method in spraying test, as well as humidity and temperature. Droplets were collected along the altitude direction of maize growth in four layers using mylar card with a diameter of 90 mm. The deposit of spraying fog drop on maize plant in every layer was measured by means of a fluorescence spectrophotometer to abtain the regularities of distribution of droplet deposition between different layers in maize canopies. The analysis results showed that:the total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached minimum when the working height was 5 meters. Meanwhile, dispersion had a largest value of 0.17. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached maximum when the working height was 7 meters. Meanwhile, dispersion had a smallest value of 0.10. The effects of spray droplet deposition and uniformity were different at the top, upper, ear and bottom of maize canopies when the working height was different, the quantity of droplets deposition in upper and ear of maize canopies was higher than that at the top and bottom of the maize. The deposition percentage of multi-spraying swath was 38.4%and 38.1%respectively, when the spraying swath was 5 meters and 9 meters under the same working height, and CV was 41% and 34.4%, respectively. The deposition on maize canopies was maximum when the height of working flight was 7 m. The connection of the width of spraying swath was the best when the spraying swath was 7 m, which coefficient of variation was 25%. Flight height and spraying swath of unmanned helicopter had a significant impact on the deposition uniformity, the results can provide guidance for the actual production application at late maize growth. Therefore, considering droplet deposition characteristics and the spray effect, 7 meters in the working height and 7 meters in the spraying swath should be chosen as reference of spraying pesticides. The research also has a significance in reasonably spraying pesticide, improving the efficiency of spraying, increasing the pesticide-applying efficiency and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests outbreaks in large areas.