农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
4期
125-135
,共11页
黄晚华%隋月%杨晓光%代姝玮%曲辉辉%李茂松
黃晚華%隋月%楊曉光%代姝瑋%麯輝輝%李茂鬆
황만화%수월%양효광%대주위%곡휘휘%리무송
干旱%降水%作物%连续无有效降水日数%逐日干旱频率%时空特征%中国南方
榦旱%降水%作物%連續無有效降水日數%逐日榦旱頻率%時空特徵%中國南方
간한%강수%작물%련속무유효강수일수%축일간한빈솔%시공특정%중국남방
drought%precipitation%crops%continuous days without available precipitation (Dnp)%daily drought frequency%spatio-temporal characteristics%southern China
利用中国南方15个省（市、区）气象台站1959-2009年逐日降水资料，以连续无有效降水日数（Dnp）为干旱指标，完善了指标中有效降水临界值和干旱分级标准，利用改进后的连续无有效降水日数干旱指标计算了南方地区春播夏收作物、春播秋收作物、夏播秋收作物、越冬作物近50a的干旱指数，得到干旱频率和干旱持续天数的空间分布特征，并分析其年际变化；同时引入逐日干旱频率，研究作物生育期内逐日干旱动态变化。研究结果表明：春播夏收作物在西南地区西部和淮北地区常发生春旱；春播秋收作物在长江中下游地区多发夏秋旱，在华南东北部多发秋旱，在西南地区东部伏旱明显；夏播秋收作物在长江中下游地区秋旱多发、华南东部秋旱高发；越冬作物在西南地区西部秋冬春旱高发且持续时间长，江北和华南地区也多秋旱和春旱。从年际变化趋势看，春播秋收作物干旱范围略有增大，夏播秋收作物干旱范围显著增大、强度略有增强，越冬作物干旱范围呈较明显增大；其他各作物干旱范围和强度呈不同程度减少、减弱的趋势。
利用中國南方15箇省（市、區）氣象檯站1959-2009年逐日降水資料，以連續無有效降水日數（Dnp）為榦旱指標，完善瞭指標中有效降水臨界值和榦旱分級標準，利用改進後的連續無有效降水日數榦旱指標計算瞭南方地區春播夏收作物、春播鞦收作物、夏播鞦收作物、越鼕作物近50a的榦旱指數，得到榦旱頻率和榦旱持續天數的空間分佈特徵，併分析其年際變化；同時引入逐日榦旱頻率，研究作物生育期內逐日榦旱動態變化。研究結果錶明：春播夏收作物在西南地區西部和淮北地區常髮生春旱；春播鞦收作物在長江中下遊地區多髮夏鞦旱，在華南東北部多髮鞦旱，在西南地區東部伏旱明顯；夏播鞦收作物在長江中下遊地區鞦旱多髮、華南東部鞦旱高髮；越鼕作物在西南地區西部鞦鼕春旱高髮且持續時間長，江北和華南地區也多鞦旱和春旱。從年際變化趨勢看，春播鞦收作物榦旱範圍略有增大，夏播鞦收作物榦旱範圍顯著增大、彊度略有增彊，越鼕作物榦旱範圍呈較明顯增大；其他各作物榦旱範圍和彊度呈不同程度減少、減弱的趨勢。
이용중국남방15개성（시、구）기상태참1959-2009년축일강수자료，이련속무유효강수일수（Dnp）위간한지표，완선료지표중유효강수림계치화간한분급표준，이용개진후적련속무유효강수일수간한지표계산료남방지구춘파하수작물、춘파추수작물、하파추수작물、월동작물근50a적간한지수，득도간한빈솔화간한지속천수적공간분포특정，병분석기년제변화；동시인입축일간한빈솔，연구작물생육기내축일간한동태변화。연구결과표명：춘파하수작물재서남지구서부화회북지구상발생춘한；춘파추수작물재장강중하유지구다발하추한，재화남동북부다발추한，재서남지구동부복한명현；하파추수작물재장강중하유지구추한다발、화남동부추한고발；월동작물재서남지구서부추동춘한고발차지속시간장，강북화화남지구야다추한화춘한。종년제변화추세간，춘파추수작물간한범위략유증대，하파추수작물간한범위현저증대、강도략유증강，월동작물간한범위정교명현증대；기타각작물간한범위화강도정불동정도감소、감약적추세。
This study was based on daily precipitation data from standard meteorological stations in the 15 provinces (municipalities, or autonomous regions) in southern China. We adopted continuous days without available precipitation (Dnp) as drought index, also improved the critical values of available precipitation and drought classification standard during the data process, then calculated drought index values for crop ( spring sowing-summer harvesting crop, spring sowing-autumn harvesting crop, summer sowing-autumn harvesting crop, and overwintering crop ) during the most recent 50 years(from 1959 to 2009) in southern China. We analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and inter-annual variation of crop drought frequency and crop drought duration days. In addition, we introduced daily drought frequency to study dynamic change of crop drought during the growing period. The results showed:spring sowing-summer harvesting crop drought occurred sometimes in the west of Southwest China and part of Huaibei Area during spring;spring sowing-autumn harvesting crop drought often affected the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, as well as the northeast of South China and the east of Southwest China during summer and autumn;summer sowing-autumn harvesting crop drought often occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during autumn, as well as the east and north of South China;overwintering crop drought took place in the north of Yangtze River and South China during autumn and spring , especially drought occurred frequently in the west of Southwest China during autumn to next spring. Generally, the distribution of drought duration days without available precipitation was basically consistent with the distribution of drought frequency, which meant drought lasted relatively longer in drought-prone area.The characteristics of drought change trend in southern China showed that: spring sowing-summer harvesting crop drought showed a decreasing trend in covering area as well as a reducing trend in intensity;spring sowing-autumn harvesting crop drought showed a slightly increasing trend in covering area yet a slightly reducing trend in intensity; summer sowing-autumn harvesting crop drought showed a significantly increasing trend in covering area and a slightly increasing trend in intensity with an exception of the Southwest China showing a reducing trend in intensity;overwintering crop drought showed a relatively more significantly increasing trend in covering area and an reducing trend in intensity with an exception of South China showing a increasing trend in intensity. From the perspective of daily drought frequency, early spring in the south and west of South China as well as the north of Yangtze River, together with spring in the west of Southwest China, showed a relatively higher drought frequency, hence affected spring sowing crops;midsummer drought in July and August in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, autumn drought in September and October in South China, together with midsummer and autumn drought in the east of Southwest China mainly affected autumn harvesting crops;overwintering crop showed a relatively higher drought frequency in the whole study area, and the main drought period was in autumn and wintering period, however, early spring in the north of Yangtze River, as well as the south of South China, and Southwest China showed a relatively higher drought frequency.
