CAJ | 학술논문

为了探索不同耕作方式对冀西北栗钙土农田土壤物理性状及莜麦生长的影响，以河北省张北县10 a栗钙土长期定位试验莜麦田为研究对象，研究了免耕、松耕和翻耕对莜麦田土壤容重、土壤含水率、土壤硬度及莜麦生长的影响。结果表明：松耕和翻耕可以显著降低莜麦播种期到拔节期土壤容重，播种期免耕土壤容重1.49 g/cm3，松耕和翻耕分别为1.31和1.30 g/cm3；不同耕作方式对土壤含水率影响不大；免耕显著提高土壤硬度，拔节期免耕土壤硬度58.51kg/cm2，为松耕1.74倍（P<0.05），为翻耕2.53倍（P<0.01）；栗钙土土壤硬度与土壤容重、土壤含水率关系模型表明高土壤容重条件下土壤硬度对土壤含水率更敏感，低土壤含水率条件下土壤硬度对土壤容重更敏感；免耕莜麦株高和叶面积生长受到抑制，穗数和穗粒数显著降低，经济产量413.79 kg/hm2，分别为松耕和翻耕的62.27%和51.64%。栗钙土莜麦田免耕与松耕、翻耕相比土壤容重大，土壤硬度高，莜麦产量显著降低；3种耕作方式中，松耕是兼顾生态与经济效益的耕作措施。
위료탐색불동경작방식대기서북률개토농전토양물이성상급조맥생장적영향，이하북성장북현10 a률개토장기정위시험조맥전위연구대상，연구료면경、송경화번경대조맥전토양용중、토양함수솔、토양경도급조맥생장적영향。결과표명：송경화번경가이현저강저조맥파충기도발절기토양용중，파충기면경토양용중1.49 g/cm3，송경화번경분별위1.31화1.30 g/cm3；불동경작방식대토양함수솔영향불대；면경현저제고토양경도，발절기면경토양경도58.51kg/cm2，위송경1.74배（P<0.05），위번경2.53배（P<0.01）；률개토토양경도여토양용중、토양함수솔관계모형표명고토양용중조건하토양경도대토양함수솔경민감，저토양함수솔조건하토양경도대토양용중경민감；면경조맥주고화협면적생장수도억제，수수화수립수현저강저，경제산량413.79 kg/hm2，분별위송경화번경적62.27%화51.64%。률개토조맥전면경여송경、번경상비토양용중대，토양경도고，조맥산량현저강저；3충경작방식중，송경시겸고생태여경제효익적경작조시。
Taking a ten-year naked oats field experiment site in Zhangbei county of Hebei province as the test object, this paper studied the effects of different tillage modes (no tillage, subsoiling tillage, and conventional tillage) on the soil physical characteristics and naked oats growth in chestnut soil. The no tillage treatment soil was undisturbed from last year’s harvesting to sowing, with 15-22 cm stubbles; broad-spectrum herbicide was used in soil treatment before planting and sprayed in seedling. The subsoiling tillage treatment plowed the soil after the previous year’s harvest, used the self-developed‘Parallel rod without wall subsoiling plow’ (Patent No.:2011202468728) with a plowed depth of 15-22 cm, and was sowed and fertilized in the same manner as the no tillage treatment. The conventional tillage treatment plowed with a conventional spade plow after the previous year’s harvest, with a plowed depth of about 18 cm; this treatment was also rotary tilled to a depth of 10 cm before sowing and sowed with ordinary seeder. The sowing rate and fertilization were the same as the no tillage treatment. The results showed that the subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage can significantly reduce the soil bulk density from the sowing to jointing stage;in the sowing stage, no-tillage soil bulk density was 1.49 g/cm3, subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage bulk densities were 1.31 and 1.30 g/cm3, respectively. The impact of tillage methods was similar on soil water content. No tillage significantly increased soil hardness. In the jointing stage, no tillage soil hardness was 58.51 kg/cm2, 1.74 times higher than with subsoiling tillage, and 2.53 times higher than with conventional tillage. The test data were analyzed with SAS software, and a model representing the relationship among soil hardness, soil bulk density, and soil water content was proposed. The model showed that under the condition of high soil bulk density (1.53 g/cm3), soil hardness is more sensitive to soil water content, decreasing with soil water content (3.44%-11.94%) from 79.06 kg/cm2 to 28.06 kg/cm2. Under the condition of low soil water content (3.44%), soil hardness is more sensitive to soil bulk density, rising with soil bulk density (1.23-1.53 g/cm3) from 12.46 kg/cm2 to 79.06 kg/cm2. No tillage decreased naked oats’ height and leaf area index, and grain number per ear and ears per hectare were significantly reduced, with 413.79 kg/hm2 economic yield, 62.27%and 51.64%of the economic yields of subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage, respectively. Compared with subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage, no tillage was higher in soil bulk density, higher in soil hardness, and significantly reduced in the yield of naked oats. Among the three kinds of tillage, subsoiling tillage provides both ecological and economic benefits.