CAJ | 학술논문

针对目前插接式瓜类自动嫁接机作业过程中，砧木夹持采用的压苗机构，普遍存在机构复杂、机构动作耗时影响作业生产率等问题，开发了一种砧木子叶气吸夹。该文以瓜类嫁接生产中常用的黑籽南瓜砧木标准苗和黄瓜接穗标准苗为作业对象，通过砧木子叶展平特性测定和气吸夹结构与作业参数优化试验研究，确定了气吸夹的优化结构与作业参数，并在2JC-600B 型斜插嫁接机上进行了带压苗机构砧木夹与砧木子叶气吸夹性能对比试验。结果表明：在气源工作压力0.25 MPa、吸孔直径4 mm、吸孔距生长点距离30 mm时，气吸夹展平子叶成功率可达100%；与压苗机构砧木夹相比，采用气吸夹可减轻操作者熟练程度对嫁接机作业性能的影响，提高子叶展平成功率和嫁接成功率，对于熟练操作者，在满足嫁接作业质量要求的情况下可减少砧木上苗作业时间1 s，使嫁接生产率由514株/h增至600株/h，提高16.7%。该研究结果可为斜插式嫁接机的开发设计提供参考。
침대목전삽접식과류자동가접궤작업과정중，침목협지채용적압묘궤구，보편존재궤구복잡、궤구동작모시영향작업생산솔등문제，개발료일충침목자협기흡협。해문이과류가접생산중상용적흑자남과침목표준묘화황과접수표준묘위작업대상，통과침목자협전평특성측정화기흡협결구여작업삼수우화시험연구，학정료기흡협적우화결구여작업삼수，병재2JC-600B 형사삽가접궤상진행료대압묘궤구침목협여침목자협기흡협성능대비시험。결과표명：재기원공작압력0.25 MPa、흡공직경4 mm、흡공거생장점거리30 mm시，기흡협전평자협성공솔가체100%；여압묘궤구침목협상비，채용기흡협가감경조작자숙련정도대가접궤작업성능적영향，제고자협전평성공솔화가접성공솔，대우숙련조작자，재만족가접작업질량요구적정황하가감소침목상묘작업시간1 s，사가접생산솔유514주/h증지600주/h，제고16.7%。해연구결과가위사삽식가접궤적개발설계제공삼고。
The inclined inserted grafting machine is mainly used for melon and vegetable grafting,and the grafting operations include rootstock clamping, rootstock punching, scion clamping, scion cutting, and scion inserting to the rootstock. The seedling pressing mechanism has been commonly used to flat rootstock cotyledons and expose the growing point to make sure the normal operation of rootstock punching and scion inserting inclined during the grafting operation of vegetable grafting machine. Due to the structure of the seedling pressing mechanism being complex and flatting operation being time-consuming, an air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons has been developed to simplify the structure of the rootstock clamping mechanism, and the productivity of grafting could be improved. The cotyledons are being pressed into the suction holes of the air suction clamp while the rootstock was placed into the air suction clamp, and then are adsorbed to the upper surface of the air suction clamp through negative pressure. Using standard seedlings of fig-leaf gourd rootstock seedlings and cucumber scion seedlings which were normally used in grafting production as experimental material, determination tests on rootstock cotyledons flatting property and optimization tests of structure and the operation parameters on air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons were conducted to determine the optimized structure and operation parameters of the air suction clamp, and a performance comparison test between the rootstock clamp with seedling pressing mechanism and air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons based on 2JC-600B inclined inserted into the vegetable grafting machine was conducted. To discuss the effects on the success rate of rootstock cotyledons flatting and success rate of grafting by rootstock types, skilled degree of the grafting operator, and time of placing rootstock. Results indicated that, with 0.25 MPa of working pressure of the pneumatic system, 4 mm of diameter of suction hole, and 30 mm of distance from suction hole to growing point, flatting effect of air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons was optimal, with 100%success rate of cotyledons flatting. Comparing to rootstock clamp with seedling pressing mechanism,using the air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons could lighten the effects of the operator level on the operating performance of the grafting machine and improve the success rate of rootstock cotyledons flatting and grafting significantly. For skilled operator, using the air suction clamp for grafting could reduce the time of placing rootstock under the grafting requirement, and the productivity of grafting could be increased from 514 plants/h to 600 plants/h, by 16.7%. With 3.5s of time of placing rootstock, the combination of air suction clamp and skilled operators, success rate of rootstock cotyledons flatting was at 95%, the success rate of grafting was 94%, the productivity of grafting was at 600 plants/h. These results could fulfill the production requirements of grafting and be used for a reference to design an inclined inserted grafting machine.