化工进展
化工進展
화공진전
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
2014年
2期
289-297
,共9页
膜蒸馏%膜%传热%优化%脱盐
膜蒸餾%膜%傳熱%優化%脫鹽
막증류%막%전열%우화%탈염
membrane distillation%membranes%heat transfer%optimization%desalination
膜蒸馏是一种热驱动的新型分离技术，可使蒸汽分子在膜两侧的压力梯度作用下通过膜孔迁移至膜外侧并冷凝下来。本文简要介绍了膜蒸馏的热质传递原理以及直接接触式、气隙式、气扫式、真空式等几种主要膜蒸馏装置的特点。综述分析了膜蒸馏的相关研究进展，包括：膜蒸馏的操作及膜特性参数的影响机理研究；更多高性能的膜材料的研制；对膜污染在工艺与操作参数方面的改进；通过能源利用与组件优化强化膜蒸馏过程等。概述了膜蒸馏在海水脱盐制备纯水、食品工业中果汁浓缩及酒精发酵、化学可挥发性物质的分离以及有毒有害废水处理方面的最新应用。最后，进一步指出过程参数的综合影响、膜材料的商业化、膜组件设计以及过程热效率是目前阻碍膜蒸馏工业化应用的主要问题。展望了加强能源研究、专注于商业用膜的研发、较多关注于其他膜蒸馏过程以及系统角度的优化分析是膜蒸馏技术未来的发展方向。
膜蒸餾是一種熱驅動的新型分離技術，可使蒸汽分子在膜兩側的壓力梯度作用下通過膜孔遷移至膜外側併冷凝下來。本文簡要介紹瞭膜蒸餾的熱質傳遞原理以及直接接觸式、氣隙式、氣掃式、真空式等幾種主要膜蒸餾裝置的特點。綜述分析瞭膜蒸餾的相關研究進展，包括：膜蒸餾的操作及膜特性參數的影響機理研究；更多高性能的膜材料的研製；對膜汙染在工藝與操作參數方麵的改進；通過能源利用與組件優化彊化膜蒸餾過程等。概述瞭膜蒸餾在海水脫鹽製備純水、食品工業中果汁濃縮及酒精髮酵、化學可揮髮性物質的分離以及有毒有害廢水處理方麵的最新應用。最後，進一步指齣過程參數的綜閤影響、膜材料的商業化、膜組件設計以及過程熱效率是目前阻礙膜蒸餾工業化應用的主要問題。展望瞭加彊能源研究、專註于商業用膜的研髮、較多關註于其他膜蒸餾過程以及繫統角度的優化分析是膜蒸餾技術未來的髮展方嚮。
막증류시일충열구동적신형분리기술，가사증기분자재막량측적압력제도작용하통과막공천이지막외측병냉응하래。본문간요개소료막증류적열질전체원리이급직접접촉식、기극식、기소식、진공식등궤충주요막증류장치적특점。종술분석료막증류적상관연구진전，포괄：막증류적조작급막특성삼수적영향궤리연구；경다고성능적막재료적연제；대막오염재공예여조작삼수방면적개진；통과능원이용여조건우화강화막증류과정등。개술료막증류재해수탈염제비순수、식품공업중과즙농축급주정발효、화학가휘발성물질적분리이급유독유해폐수처리방면적최신응용。최후，진일보지출과정삼수적종합영향、막재료적상업화、막조건설계이급과정열효솔시목전조애막증류공업화응용적주요문제。전망료가강능원연구、전주우상업용막적연발、교다관주우기타막증류과정이급계통각도적우화분석시막증류기술미래적발전방향。
Membrane distillation is a new thermally-driven separation process,in which vapor molecules driven by partial pressure gradient across the membrane are able to transfer through the pores and condense outside the membrane. In this paper,the heat and mass transport mechanisms and four mainly used membrane configurations,i.e.,direct contact membrane distillation,air gap membrane distillation,sweeping gas membrane distillation and vacuum membrane distillation are described. New research progress is reviewed,including influence of membrane operation and characteristic parameters,preparation of membrane with high performance,improvement in process and operation parameters aiming at membrane fouling,enhancement of membrane distillation process by optimizing energy utilization and modules. In addition,applications in desalination and water purification,juice concentrate and alcohol fermentation,separation of chemical volatile organic compounds as well as toxic waste water treatment are summarized. Finally,the obstacles faced by membrane distillation:combined influence of pertinent parameters,commercialization of membrane materials,membrane module design and thermal efficiency of the process are presented. To achieve its further application,it is necessary to strengthen energy studies,to develop more commercialized membrane materials,to focus more on other membrane distillation configurations,and to analyze and optimize the process systematically.
