CAJ | 학술논문

城镇化背景下农居点整理，不仅要考虑保留适当的农村人口规模，同时还要考虑整理对于农村土地生态格局影响。该文以江苏省如皋市柴湾镇万顷良田项目区为例，基于人口流动模型与土地生态连通性视角探索合理城镇化水平下最佳土地生态格局的整理模式。结果显示：由于农业存在必要性以及产业收益驱动，城镇化发展存在上限，农村人口流动、农居点整理规模均应以此制定合理目标，遗传算法可以为合理的整理方案选择提供智能决策支持；实证研究表明，如皋市柴湾镇万顷良田项目区能实现合理城镇化目标的农村人口转移及农居点整理方案并不唯一，可实现城镇化率在77.96%～78.63%之间，应该保留21.37%～22.04%的农村人口从事农业生产，与国际经验基本一致；不同农居点整理模式可以形成不同规模的“生态孤岛”，相似城镇化率下，方案间生态孤岛规模可以相差2.29倍，不同的整理模式对生态连通性造成不同程度影响。在合理城镇化实现水平下，应选择对生态格局影响较小的农居点整理方案，构筑环境友好型土地利用的整理模式，实现生态文明建设目标，同时注重保留村落的规划与环境整治。
성진화배경하농거점정리，불부요고필보류괄당적농촌인구규모，동시환요고필정리대우농촌토지생태격국영향。해문이강소성여고시시만진만경량전항목구위례，기우인구류동모형여토지생태련통성시각탐색합리성진화수평하최가토지생태격국적정리모식。결과현시：유우농업존재필요성이급산업수익구동，성진화발전존재상한，농촌인구류동、농거점정리규모균응이차제정합리목표，유전산법가이위합리적정리방안선택제공지능결책지지；실증연구표명，여고시시만진만경량전항목구능실현합리성진화목표적농촌인구전이급농거점정리방안병불유일，가실현성진화솔재77.96%～78.63%지간，응해보류21.37%～22.04%적농촌인구종사농업생산，여국제경험기본일치；불동농거점정리모식가이형성불동규모적“생태고도”，상사성진화솔하，방안간생태고도규모가이상차2.29배，불동적정리모식대생태련통성조성불동정도영향。재합리성진화실현수평하，응선택대생태격국영향교소적농거점정리방안，구축배경우호형토지이용적정리모식，실현생태문명건설목표，동시주중보류촌락적규화여배경정치。
There are more than 60%people living in rural area even though the urbanization of China is over 50%. That means many people move between rural and urban area, which are called peasant-worker. And this semi-urbanization phenomenon leads to rural people can not migrate to urban completely, and the rural residential area expands inevitably. Also because of the population growth and the resource consumption, it also puts pressure on the rural ecosystem. Rural residential renovation needs to preserve adequate rural population and at the same time to consider the influence for ecological patterns. Rugao county is one of the highest rural residence per unit area, and one of fastest urbanization areas in Jiangsu province. In recent years, the government takes Rugao as the rural reform pilot area, and put many rural residential renovation projects in this area aiming to solve the rural residence expansion and ecological problems. This paper took Million Hectares of Fertile Farmland Project of Chaiwan town, Rugao county as a case study. The main processing software included ArcGIS9.3 and Matlab, and GIS spatial analysis method was used for ecological resilience analysis. We used natural villages as an independent unit and ran the best ecological renovated model based on the Lewis turning point and ecological connectivity by minimal cumulative resistance model. The findings showed that rural population could not migrate to urban completely and urbanization had a certain limit based on the consideration of the necessity of agriculture production and the influence of other income sources. It showed that rural residence should be maintained at a reasonable scale, rural population flow and rural residential renovation should be taken as reasonable goals in the urbanization. As an intelligent algorithm, the genetic algorithm in the model had capability in intelligent decision support. It can take results quickly through the crossover, heredity and variation operator. The results of studied area showed that there were at least 53 results by genetic algorithm. The schemes can be applied in study area that was not unique. The urbanization can be achieved between 77.96%-78.63%, which preserved 21.37%-22.04% population in rural area for agriculture production, and this was consistent with international experience. Different patterns of rural residential renovation schemes can have different ecological influence, and different sizes of isolated ecological islands, and the island sizes can be different more than 2.29 times despite the similar urbanization rate. The paper suggested to take the lower influencing scheme under the suitable urbanization, and to take certain policy recommendations in order to implement rural residential renovation smoothly.