CAJ | 학술논문

目前生活污水污染问题是农村人居环境和生态环境恶化的重要原因之一。该文对现有中国农村生活污水处理技术和工艺、典型工程处理效果和运行状况以及存在的问题进行调查和分析，从经济、技术、环境3个方面筛选评价指标，通过层次分析法与熵值法相结合的主客观综合赋权法确定各评价指标的权重，构建农村生活污水处理技术评价指标体系；采用分层模糊积分模型对15种现有农村生活污水处理技术模式进行综合评价和排序，最终筛选出三级塘生物生态强化处理技术、户用生态滤池、厌氧-（兼氧）-人工湿地、生物接触氧化-生态沟渠、一体化净化槽、厌氧-兼氧-好氧三级生物滤池、厌氧-土地处理、生态滤池-生态塘、厌氧-生物接触氧化-人工湿地、地埋式微动力氧化沟10种技术模式，推荐作为中国农村生活污水处理典型技术模式。该文对中国农村生活污水治理工程建设具有一定的参考价值。
목전생활오수오염문제시농촌인거배경화생태배경악화적중요원인지일。해문대현유중국농촌생활오수처리기술화공예、전형공정처리효과화운행상황이급존재적문제진행조사화분석，종경제、기술、배경3개방면사선평개지표，통과층차분석법여적치법상결합적주객관종합부권법학정각평개지표적권중，구건농촌생활오수처리기술평개지표체계；채용분층모호적분모형대15충현유농촌생활오수처리기술모식진행종합평개화배서，최종사선출삼급당생물생태강화처리기술、호용생태려지、염양-（겸양）-인공습지、생물접촉양화-생태구거、일체화정화조、염양-겸양-호양삼급생물려지、염양-토지처리、생태려지-생태당、염양-생물접촉양화-인공습지、지매식미동력양화구10충기술모식，추천작위중국농촌생활오수처리전형기술모식。해문대중국농촌생활오수치리공정건설구유일정적삼고개치。
Rural domestic sewage is the main source of pollution of rural water pollution, including all kinds of washing water of daily life, kitchen waste water and animal wastes. Most of the rural domestic sewage flow directly into rivers, lakes and reservoirs. As a result, the content of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus increased and leading to the eutrophication of water body. It not only damaged the water environment but also affected the health of human body seriously. The difficulty of rural domestic treatment is that rural domestic sewage is widely distributed and has a big difference between areas. On the other hand, the rural sewage quality and quantity have great fluctuations. Due to the poor infrastructure construction, the sewage pipe network is not perfect in rural area. At the same time, the weak rural economy and the lack of professional sewage treatment technology and management personnel, make the rural sewage treatment and resource utilization degree inferior to the city sewage treatment plants. Currently, the rural domestic sewage emission leads to the problems of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and shortage of water resources in rural areas in China. The protection of rural water environment is the guarantee of the development of agricultural production and construction of beautiful countryside. The wastewater treatment in rural areas is the need to change the disorderly discharge situation of rural life sewage, and improve the living conditions of farmers. Because of different circumstances in thousands of counties, the rural domestic sewage treatment must accommodate one's measures to local conditions and classification guidance. It is very important to put forward the practical domestic sewage treatment methods and measures. The government departments attach great importance to this issue, which means that this question must be addressed in the coming construction and development of rural areas. Scientific research institutions have the responsibility to carry out scientific experiments and studies to support resolving this problem. In this study, a serial surveys were conducted on the status quo of rural domestic sewage pollution, emission characteristics, water quality characteristics and the existing treatment processes and technologies. Also site visits of the typical rural domestic sewage treatment works in the rural areas were carried through to learn and understand the treatment effect, operating conditions and existing problems of the projects. With choosing and analyzing the evaluation indexes from economic, technical characteristics and environmental effects, the evaluation index system of rural domestic sewage treatment technologies was constructed. With integrated analytic hierarchy process and entropy method, the index weights were determined by considering the subjective and objective weighting methods. Based on hierarchical fuzzy integral model, a comprehensive evaluation was made on 15 kinds of domestic sewage treatment engineering techniques existing and commonly used in rural areas. Through sorting the final results, 10 kinds of more excellent treatment technologies were selected, such as ecological filter tank, ecological pond, anaerobic (facultative) pond, constructed wetland, integrated purification tank, anaerobic biological contact oxidation constructed wetland. The research can provide a reference for the construction of rural domestic sewage treatment works.