湖北农业科学
湖北農業科學
호북농업과학
2014年
12期
2736-2742
,共7页
薛菁芳%陈书强%杜晓东%潘国君%王玉成
薛菁芳%陳書彊%杜曉東%潘國君%王玉成
설정방%진서강%두효동%반국군%왕옥성
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)%穗型%灌浆特性%整精米率%黑龙江省
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)%穗型%灌漿特性%整精米率%黑龍江省
수도(Oryza sativa L.)%수형%관장특성%정정미솔%흑룡강성
rice(Oryza sativa L.)%panicle type%grain-filling characteristics%head rice rates%Heilongjiang province
应用Richards方程对两种不同穗型的地方主栽水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种的不同粒位子粒灌浆过程进行拟合，研究两类主栽品种的灌浆特性，以期明确不同品种在年际间整精米率相差较大的原因，并通过栽培调控措施提高其加工品质。结果表明，弯曲穗型品种龙粳29的产量略高于半直立穗型品种龙粳31，而整精米率明显低于龙粳31。龙粳29的二次枝梗子粒较多，导致其充实度较低，结实率下降，出米率不高。半直立穗型品种龙粳31的6种粒位的灌浆速率峰值出现在同一时间段内，同步灌浆特征明显，一次枝梗子粒灌浆速率高，中期灌浆快，二次枝梗子粒灌浆速率虽低但较早进入灌浆盛期，中后期较长的灌浆持续时间使其二次枝梗子粒充实紧密；弯曲穗型品种龙粳29在一次枝梗子粒灌浆速率下降后，二次枝梗子粒灌浆速率才有较大上升，为异步灌浆特性，在灌浆前期，上部、中部、下部二次枝梗子粒均明显受到一次枝梗子粒的抑制，二次枝梗子粒灌浆起始生长势、最大灌浆速率较低，达到灌浆盛期晚，中后期实际灌浆时间较短，子粒充实不良。同步灌浆特性使穗内子粒间的品质整齐度差异变小，这是龙粳31年际间整精米率较稳定的主要原因；而异步灌浆特性使穗内子粒间的品质整齐度差异变大，加之二次枝梗子粒灌浆盛期低温是导致龙粳29年际间整精米率下降的主要原因。
應用Richards方程對兩種不同穗型的地方主栽水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品種的不同粒位子粒灌漿過程進行擬閤，研究兩類主栽品種的灌漿特性，以期明確不同品種在年際間整精米率相差較大的原因，併通過栽培調控措施提高其加工品質。結果錶明，彎麯穗型品種龍粳29的產量略高于半直立穗型品種龍粳31，而整精米率明顯低于龍粳31。龍粳29的二次枝梗子粒較多，導緻其充實度較低，結實率下降，齣米率不高。半直立穗型品種龍粳31的6種粒位的灌漿速率峰值齣現在同一時間段內，同步灌漿特徵明顯，一次枝梗子粒灌漿速率高，中期灌漿快，二次枝梗子粒灌漿速率雖低但較早進入灌漿盛期，中後期較長的灌漿持續時間使其二次枝梗子粒充實緊密；彎麯穗型品種龍粳29在一次枝梗子粒灌漿速率下降後，二次枝梗子粒灌漿速率纔有較大上升，為異步灌漿特性，在灌漿前期，上部、中部、下部二次枝梗子粒均明顯受到一次枝梗子粒的抑製，二次枝梗子粒灌漿起始生長勢、最大灌漿速率較低，達到灌漿盛期晚，中後期實際灌漿時間較短，子粒充實不良。同步灌漿特性使穗內子粒間的品質整齊度差異變小，這是龍粳31年際間整精米率較穩定的主要原因；而異步灌漿特性使穗內子粒間的品質整齊度差異變大，加之二次枝梗子粒灌漿盛期低溫是導緻龍粳29年際間整精米率下降的主要原因。
응용Richards방정대량충불동수형적지방주재수도(Oryza sativa L.)품충적불동립위자립관장과정진행의합，연구량류주재품충적관장특성，이기명학불동품충재년제간정정미솔상차교대적원인，병통과재배조공조시제고기가공품질。결과표명，만곡수형품충룡갱29적산량략고우반직립수형품충룡갱31，이정정미솔명현저우룡갱31。룡갱29적이차지경자립교다，도치기충실도교저，결실솔하강，출미솔불고。반직립수형품충룡갱31적6충립위적관장속솔봉치출현재동일시간단내，동보관장특정명현，일차지경자립관장속솔고，중기관장쾌，이차지경자립관장속솔수저단교조진입관장성기，중후기교장적관장지속시간사기이차지경자립충실긴밀；만곡수형품충룡갱29재일차지경자립관장속솔하강후，이차지경자립관장속솔재유교대상승，위이보관장특성，재관장전기，상부、중부、하부이차지경자립균명현수도일차지경자립적억제，이차지경자립관장기시생장세、최대관장속솔교저，체도관장성기만，중후기실제관장시간교단，자립충실불량。동보관장특성사수내자립간적품질정제도차이변소，저시룡갱31년제간정정미솔교은정적주요원인；이이보관장특성사수내자립간적품질정제도차이변대，가지이차지경자립관장성기저온시도치룡갱29년제간정정미솔하강적주요원인。
The grain filling processe s on different positions in the rice of semi-erect panicle type and the rice of curved curse panicle type were analyzed with Richards growth equation to clear reason of the interannual large difference between the head rice rate of different varieties and to improve the processing quality through cultivation measures. The results showed that the curved panicle type varieties longjing 29 was slightly more than that of semi-erect panicle varieties longjing 31, but yield of the head rice rate of longjing 29 was significantly lower than that of longjing 31. More secondary branch grain on longjing 29 was the main reason of its low enrichment degree, low seed setting rate and low milled rice rate. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the time to maximum filling rate(t-V max) of the semi-erect panicle type vari-eties longjing 31 on six grain positions was only for 4.77 days. The grain filling peak value appeared at the same time, and synchronous grain filling characteristic was apparent. Grain filling rate of the primary branch grains was higher, and the mid-dle and later filling periods was faster. Grain filling rate of the secondary branch was lower and it was early to enter the grouting stage. Longer grain filling duration time of the middle and later filling periods made grain of the secondary branch tightly enrich. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the time to maximum filling rate (t-V max) of the curved panicle type varieties longjing 29 on six grain positions was for 13.00 days. After grain filling rate of the primary branch grains declined, grain filling rate of the secondary branch largely rise. This belonged to asynchronous grain filling features. At the early stage the filling of the secondary branch grains at the upper, middle and basal parts was significantly inhibited by the primary branch grains. Lower initial growth potential and maximum grain filling rate, later appearance of ac-tive grain filling period and shorter duration of the middle and later periods for its secondary branch grains made grain of the secondary branch worse. Synchronous grain filling characteristics made the differences of quality and uniformity of rice grains within a panicle smaller, which was the main reason of the relatively stable head rice rate of longjing 31 between interannual variations. Asynchronous grain filling characteristics make the differences of quality and uniformity of rice grains within a pan-icle larger, combined with low temperature at the secondary branch grain filling stage which was the main reason of decreas-ing the head rice rate of longjing 29 between interannual variations.
